Prevalence of gestational diabetes and associated maternal and neonatal complications in a fast-developing community: global comparisons

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing all over the world. Hence, the impact of GDM on maternal and infant health is an important topic of research. No study has been conducted in Qatar to evaluate the outcome of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of GDM, compare the maternal–neonatal complications among women with GDM and non-GDM pregnant women, and investigate the risk factors and potential outcomes associated with GDM.DesignThis is a prospective cohort study.SettingThe survey was carried out at the antenatal clinics of the Women’s Hospital, Qatar.Subjects and methodsA representative sample of 2056 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics of the Women’s Hospital were surveyed during the period from the first week of January 2010 to April 2011. From this sample, 1608 women (78.2%) expressed their consent to participate in the study. Questionnaires were administered to pregnant women who were seeking antenatal care at this urban hospital. The questionnaire covered variables related to sociodemographic factors, family history, medical history, maternal complications, and neonatal outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of GDM in Qatar was 16.3%. Women with GDM were significantly higher in the age group of 35–45 years (45%; P = 0.001). Family history of diabetes (31.7%; P < 0.001), increased parity (55.3%; P = 0.004), and obesity (59.2%; P < 0.001) were determinants of GDM in pregnant women. Maternal complications like pregnancy-induced hypertension (19.1% vs 10.3%; P < 0.001), pre-eclampsia (7.3% vs 3.8%; P = 0.012), antepartum hemorrhage (19.2% vs 14.6%; P = 0.05), and cesarean (27.9% vs 12.4%; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in GDM women. Neonates were at increased risk of preterm birth (12.6% vs 8.3%; P = 0.03), macrosomia (10.3% vs 5.9%; P = 0.01), and birth trauma (8% vs 3%; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe study findings revealed that GDM was higher in women in Qatar and that they were at increased risk of developing maternal and neonatal complications. Obesity emerged as an essential risk factor for subsequent GDM. The advanced maternal age, low monthly income, family history of diabetes, and obesity were the main significant risk factors for GDM.

The Association between Hyperuricemia in First Trimester and the Development of Gestational Diabetes

“…Obesity emerged as an essential risk factor for subsequent GDM. The advanced maternal age, low monthly income, family history of advanced maternal age, low monthly income, family history of diabetes and obesity were the main significant risk factors for GDM [28], which are similar to the results of our study. However our study did not assess the prevalence of GDM.…”

“…In this study, it was found that, the women who developed GDM had significantly more number of children (Nullipara were 85 cases (44.5%) of total sample size and no one had GD with Mean+SD 97.61+13.20, 1-2 children were 73 cases of total sample size, 72 cases (37.7%) were normal and 1 case (11.1%) had GD with Mean+SD 98.23+16.87, 3 or more were 42 cases of total sample size, 38 cases (17.8%) were normal and 8 cases (88.9%) had GD with Mean+SD 119.62+40.08) with p-value 0.000, also we found a relationship between elevated serum uric acid level and the development of preeclampsia (18 cases developed preeclampsia, 15 cases with normal serum uric acid (83.3%) and 3 cases had elevated serum uric acid (16.7%)) and (182 did not develop preeclampsia, 179 cases with normal serum uric acid (89.4%) and 3 cases had elevated serum uric acid (1.6%)) with p-value 0.000 this agrees with Bener et al [28], in a prospective cohort study carried out at the antenatal clinics of the Women's Hospital Qatar. 2056 pregnant women were surveyed during the period from January 2010 to April 2011.…”

Favorable Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with GDM. Gestational diabetes is linked with several adverse pregnancy outcomes in maternal, offspring's, as well as later in their lives [8,[23][24][25]. The current study showed that taking vitamin D supplements in pregnant women with GDM resulted in decreased polyhydramnios, but did not affect rate of cesarean section, need to commence insulin therapy after intervention and preterm delivery.…”

Pesquisa translacional em diabetes melito gestacional e hiperglicemia gestacional leve: conhecimento atual e nossa experiência

“…O DMG é um bom exemplo para se analisar a pesquisa translacional visto que é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade perinatal, bem como da repercussão a longo prazo na vida da mulher (9)(10)(11)(12). A intrincada relação entre o que se observa na prática da atividade clínica e o que se obtém de resultados em pesquisa clínica e de investigação em ciência básica deve ser organizada e analisada dentro de um contexto único que, nos dias de hoje, é denominado "Pesquisa Translacional".…”