Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in rural Haryana: A community-based study

Abstract

Background and Objectives:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health concern as it affects health status of both mother and fetus. In India, prevalence of GDM varies in different populations and no data is available from rural Haryana. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it in rural women of Haryana.Materials and Methods:Nine hundred and thirteen women, with estimated gestational age above 24 weeks from a rural block of Haryana who consented to participate were given a standardized 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Pro forma containing general information on demographic characteristics, educational level, gravida, family history of diabetes, and past history of GDM was filled-up. A World Health Organization (WHO) criterion for 2-h 75-g OGTT was used for diagnosing GDM.Results:GDM was diagnosed in 127/913 (13.9%) women with higher mean age as compared to non-GDM women. Majority (78.4%) of the women were housewives, rest engaged in agriculture (9.2%) and labor (5.5%). Women with gravida ≥3 and positive family history of diabetes had significantly higher prevalence of GDM. History of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4 kg) was significantly associated with prevalence of GDM (P = 0.002). On multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors found to be significantly associated with GDM were maternal age >25 years, gravida >3, history of macrosomic baby, and family history of diabetes.Conclusion:The prevalence of GDM has been found quite high in rural Haryana. Appropriate interventions are required for control and risk factor modifications.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes and associated risk factors

“…In Bangladesh, the prevalence of GDM was found 9.7% (Jesmin et al, 2014). The variation in the prevalence of GDM could be due to local, cultural context and other factors as ethnicity, education and anthropometry of mothers (Wahi et al, 2011 andRajput et al, 2014). In present study, 58% of GDM women were age ranged from 20-30 years old.…”

The association of maternal risk factors to macrosomia in rural areas of Haryana, India: a community based study

“…The prevalence of gestational diabetes has been reported to be in the range of 6.9 to 13.9%. [8][9][10] Hypertension was found out to be 5.0% among pregnant women in the present study. Almost, similar observation (6.9%) was quoted by Bharti et al while Sachdeva et al and Zareen et al had reported it as 15% and 14.8% respectively among rural women in hospital-based studies.…”

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The most commonly observed risk factors were higher BMI (twenty-six studies [13, 20, 22, 23, 29, 30, 34, 37–39, 41–43, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 60, 61, 65–67, 75, 76]), older age (twenty-five studies [12, 18, 26, 30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 41–43, 46, 48–50, 52, 55, 56, 60, 66, 67, 72, 73, 75, 76]), and family history of diabetes mellitus (twenty-four studies [9, 18–21, 25, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37–39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 52, 55, 61, 66, 67, 72, 76]). Other observed risk factors include history of spontaneous abortions or stillbirths (nine studies [21, 33, 34, 39, 42, 53, 65, 66, 76]), history of macrosomia (7 studies [39, 42, 43, 45, 66, 72, 75]), multiparity (7 studies [11, 13, 39, 45, 52, 72, 76]), and higher socioeconomic status (5 studies [13] Hill, 2005 #21} […”