Prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated risk factors in rural and urban populations of different ethnic groups in Kenya

Christensen, Dirk L.; Friis, Henrik; Mwaniki, Dennis; Kilonzo, Beatrice; Tetens, Inge; Boit, Michael K.; Omondi, B; Kaduka, Lydia; Borch‐Johnsen, Knut

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.03.007

Cited by 117 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The prevalence of diabetes among elderly in our series was comparable to the range of the prevalence of diabetes in rural South African community (5 to 8.8%) [11]. Nevertheless, the prevalence rate was higher in comparison to Ghana and Nigeria, and lower in comparison to Kenya, which could be due to differences in population size, exposures to risk factors and study designs [9,10,[17][18][19][20] respectively. This is a pattern observed in other studies in Africa, which could reflect the ageing population in Africa [8,17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo: prevalence, clinical features and complications

Mbamukonka¹,

Agasa²,

Tonen‐Wolyec³

et al. 2017

ajhissues

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Background and aim: Diabetes is one of the leading non-communicable diseases in the world; diabetes is common in the elderly. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, clinical features and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly in the Hôpital Provincial du Nord-Kivu in Goma. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study was based on data collected among the elderly from 2013 to 2015 in the Department of Internal Medicine. Overall, 418 elders were included. Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 8.6% (95% CI: 6.3 -11.7). Overall, 54% of the elderly were males while 46% were females. Among males, 6.6% were diagnosed with diabetes whereas 11.0% were among females (p < 0.001). All elderly diabetic subjects (n = 36) were taking anti diabetic drugs such as insulin or oral medications (sulfonylurea and/or biguanide). Among those, 15 (41.7%) were on insulin and 21 (58.3%) on oral anti diabetic. Mean fasting glucose was higher among elderly individuals taking oral medications compared with their counterparts on insulin (104.4 versus 157.3 mg/dl, p < 0.001). The asthenia (86.1%), the polyuria (13.9%), the coma (11.1%) and the polydipsia (5.6%) were the principal symptoms on admission. The infectious, metabolic, micro vascular and macrovascular complications were diagnosed in this study. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence on the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among elderly individuals. Moreover, the study found many factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly and the difficulty of diagnosing diabetes in the elderly. Hence, there is need to enhance the existing prevention programmes with emphasis on social determinants of diabetes, which need to be clarified by broad epidemiological studies at the population level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo: prevalence, clinical features and complications

Mbamukonka¹,

Agasa²,

Tonen‐Wolyec³

et al. 2017

ajhissues

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“…The traditional lifestyle in Africa was characterized by regular and vigorous physical activity accompanied by subsistence on high fibre, whole grain-based diet rich in vegetables and fruits which contribute to the less chance of getting diabetes (WHO, 2006). However, urbanization has resulted in over-reliance on motorized transport and consumption of unhealthy diets rich in carbohydrates, fats, sugars and salts, which are diabetes risk factors (Christensen et al, 2009;IDF, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The knowledge and practice of self-care management among patients attending a diabetes clinic in Kigali, Rwanda

Mukeshimana¹,

Hakizimana²,

Mwali³

et al. 2015

RWJour

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Background: Self-care management in diabetic patients is crucial to control and prevent associated complications. Diabetes complications are still highly prevalent and are mostly attributed to the lack of self-care knowledge and practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design approach explored self-care knowledge and practice among 80 participants attending a diabetes clinic in Kigali in 2011. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that assessed 4 levels of diabetes self-care knowledge and practices which are respectively diet, blood glucose monitoring, physical activities and foot care. Results: Participants had a self-care knowledge gap in some areas of diabetes self-management. As many as 54.9% (n=44) of participants did not know the frequency of blood sugar testing; 63.7% (n=51) did not know the importance of snack/meal before exercising and 70% (n=56) among them were not taking a snack/meal before exercising. The participants experienced some complications: feet problems 88.7% (n=71); retinopathy 15% (n=12); hypertension 23.7% (n=19) and kidney diseases 8.7% (n=7). Conclusion: There were self-care knowledge and practice gaps in some areas of diabetes self-care management. Health care providers, particularly nurses should play a key role in providing with accurate information on diabetes self-care.

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“…Rural areas inhabitants are highly affected by such habits, especially compared to the other risk factors, which are more common in urban areas. 19,20 Smoking tendency is increasing among men and women in SSA, mainly in the age group between 30 and 49, with particular reference to women, increasing together with ageing. 21 Furthermore, in many developing countries, psychosocial attitude towards obesity is not seen as a negative factor.…”

Section: Psychosocial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Monti¹,

Ruggieri²,

Vincentelli

et al. 2015

Ital J Med

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Ischemic heart disease is increasing dramatically in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite an increasing prevalence of risk factors, and some characteristics of the African people that make the African population subject to the effects of major cardiovascular risk factors. The pace and direction of economic development, rates of urbanization, the changes in life expectancy, associated with different pathophysiological factors are causing an increased rate of atherosclerotic disease in these countries. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in SSA has shown a significant rise in the next two following decades due to the rising prevalence of risk factors, especially hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use and the dyslipidemia, mainly due to an increase in urbanization. Moreover, thanks to new knowledge, it has been pointed out the difference of individual risk factors in the African population and other populations due to genetic differences. It is estimated that age-standardized approach for ischemic heart disease mortality rates will rise by 27% in African men and 25% in women by 2015 and by 70 and 74%, respectively by 2030. More research is needed in Africa to provide evidence for cardiovascular prevention and treatment to mitigate the oncoming epidemic. Health interventions are needed for preventing or reducing the morbidity/mortality and should be addressed to both children and adults, including score of the risk stratification modified, starting early and aggressive therapy, if necessary.

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Prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated risk factors in rural and urban populations of different ethnic groups in Kenya

Cited by 117 publications

References 21 publications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo: prevalence, clinical features and complications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus among the elderly in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo: prevalence, clinical features and complications

The knowledge and practice of self-care management among patients attending a diabetes clinic in Kigali, Rwanda

Cardiovascular risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

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