Prevalence of HCV-HIV Co-Infection with Intravenous Drug Users in Central Punjab, Pakistan

Zahra, Amreen

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/20210509130526

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Children were 09 (2.6%) of which 02 (0.6%) were co-infected, while among 09 (2.6%) transgender 03 (0.9%) were HCV/HIV coinfected. Our findings are consistent with the study (Zahra et al, 2022)in which the frequency of HCV/HIV co-infection was high at 98.77%. In our study, the patients were categorized into four age groups <20, 21-40, 41-60, and 61-80 years.…”

Section: Figure 5 Number Of Hcv/hiv Co-infection With Viral Load Disc...supporting

confidence: 93%

“…In Pakistan, about 9 million individuals are drug addicts of which 10% are the IDUs. According to 2012 reports, in Pakistan, the ratio of HIV in IDUs was around 21% (Zahra et al, 2022). According to WHO recent reports, approximately 2.3 million individuals are HCV/HIV co-infected and more than 1.3 million HCV/HIV co-infected people are IDUs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HCV GENOTYPES AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS HAVING HCV and HIV CO-INFECTION

SHEEMA,

BASHIR,

FIAZ

et al. 2024

Bull. Biol. All. Sci. Res.

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Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is common in Injecting drug users (IDUs). The aim of this study was the molecular identification of HCV genotypes in IDUs having HC/HIV co-infection in Peshawar. A cohort cross-sectional study was conducted in Nai Zindagi NGO from 2020 to 2022. A sample of 350 IDUs including 309 males, 23 females, 09 children, and 09 transgender were enrolled. Suspected age was 34 years. Screening of HIV and HCV infection was performed through ICT and RT-PCR. For genotype determination, a specific SACACE real-time PCR kit was used. Out of a total of 350 patients, 204 were HCV/HIV co-infected. According to bivariate analysis, there is statistically moderate positive r=522 between viral load and HCV/HIV co-infection (p=0.000). It is concluded that the prevalence of HCV/HIV co-infection was 44.28% in IDUs with the prevalent genotype 3a (51.1%). Viral load of males was higher than females. To overcome the burden of HCV/HIV co-infection large-scale, multicentre, and multistate studies should be conducted across Pakistan and preventive measures should be taken to reduce the use of syringes, razors, tattooing, sex workers, and blood transfusion.

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Section: Figure 5 Number Of Hcv/hiv Co-infection With Viral Load Disc...supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HCV GENOTYPES AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS HAVING HCV and HIV CO-INFECTION

SHEEMA,

BASHIR,

FIAZ

et al. 2024

Bull. Biol. All. Sci. Res.

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“…The prevalence of STIs is more common in TGs residing in urban areas, illiterate, and sex workers [ 29 , 30 ]. According to [ 31 ]. In co-infected individuals of HIV and HCV, a significantly decreased level of CD4 cells was seen in both medium-high and very high viral load categories with a frequency of 19.23% and 76.92%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted infections and associated risk factors among the transgender population of Pakistan

Javed,

Bano,

Fatima

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Transgender (TG) people are key drivers for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) all over the world. There is substantial evidence that STIs are associated with an increased likelihood of risky sexual behavior however little is known about the prevalence of STIs (HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis) among HIV infected transgender population in Pakistan. Methods The current study investigated the seroprevalence of four STIs and associated socio-demographic risk factors among TGs of Punjab, Pakistan from July 2019 to June 2021. The samples were tested serologically and final confirmation was done through PCR for HIV, HBV, and HCV. Results A total of 1,562 transgenders cross-sectional descriptive records of the Punjab AIDS Control Program (PACP) were reviewed during the period from July 2019 to June 2021. The serological results evidenced that 533 (34.1%) had one pathogen, 309 (19.8%) had two or more (multiple) infections. The most predominant mono-infection among the transgender population was Syphilis 324 (20.7%) followed by HCV 114 (7.3%), HIV 69 (4.4%), and HBV 26 (1.7%). The highest proportions of Infections were found in TG residing in urban areas (68.6%) as compared to rural areas (31.4%). The seropositivity of all STIs was predominantly increased in Sex worker TGs i-e 55%, 46.5%, 38.5%, and 41.8% in HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis respectively. Among 280 HIV-infected Transgender, 177 (63.2%) had Syphilis co-infections. While 87 (31%) and 47 (16.8%) HIV-infected individuals had HC and HBV co-infection respectively. Conclusion Transgender is neglected population group in society. All STIs were predominantly common among sex worker transgenders, Illiterate educational groups, and TGs residing in urban areas. There is a need to spread awareness about STIs, preventive strategies, and facilitation to health care programs in this high-risk population group.

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“…In the Pakistani context, it is important to note that only limited data on the seroprevalence of HCV among MSM is currently available. Furthermore, the exis ng data is derived from sporadic studies with small sample sizes, lacking detailed assessments of risk factors and sexual behavior pa erns [19][20][21][22][23] . This highlights the cri cal need for a comprehensive study that addresses these limita ons and provides a more thorough understanding of HCV seroprevalence and its associated factors among MSM in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introduc Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors among MSM in Pakistan: Insights from a Community-Based Study

Tirmizi,

Munir,

Zaidi

2023

Preprint

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This community-based cross-sectional study investigates the seroprevalence of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and its associated demographic and behavioral risk factors among the men who have sex with men (MSM) in Pakistan. The study reveals an HCV seroprevalence of 14.86%, significantly higher than global averages for the MSM population. Notably, HCV seroprevalence was associated with age, education level, self-identified sexual orientation, and self-reported HIV status. Furthermore, the study identified several risk factors positively associated with HCV seroprevalence, including sharing personal items such as razors and toothbrushes, histories of surgery, blood transfusion, dental procedures, intravenous drug use, and therapeutic injection histories. Interestingly, a lower HCV positivity rate was observed among self-reported HIV-positive individuals, contradicting previous research. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive, targeted prevention strategies tailored to the MSM population in Pakistan. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to understand better the complex interplay of factors contributing to HCV seroprevalence in this high-risk population.

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Prevalence of HCV-HIV Co-Infection with Intravenous Drug Users in Central Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HCV GENOTYPES AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS HAVING HCV and HIV CO-INFECTION

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HCV GENOTYPES AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS HAVING HCV and HIV CO-INFECTION

Sexually transmitted infections and associated risk factors among the transgender population of Pakistan

Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors among MSM in Pakistan: Insights from a Community-Based Study

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