Prevalence of Head Injury and Associated Disability in Prison Populations: A Systematic Review

Moynan, Claire; McMillan, T. M.

doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000354

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These meta-analyses comprise studies that are entirely based on self-report where lifetime prevalence ranges from 10 to 100% in adults. The meta-analyses do not use quality ratings and the individual studies are subject to methodological bias in relation to lifetime prevalence estimates [9]. The accuracy of self-report or of records of hospitalisation as a true estimate of lifetime prevalence remains an issue [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this pattern is replicated in prison populations, then the estimates of a high lifetime prevalence of HI in prisoners could lead to a considerable over-statement of health service need. A recent systematic review assessed the risk of methodological bias in prevalence studies on HI in prisoners as being high overall, and highlighted several weaknesses, including that all previous studies are based on self-report of HI, there is little appropriate comparison with non-prisoners, none provide national coverage and in fact, most rely on samples that are not, or are not shown to be, representative of the prison population [9]. The social and economic costs of imprisonment are high, and it has been argued that brain injury in prisoners is likely to make a significant contribution to these costs [10], and that there is a clear need to establish a service pathway for those with persisting effects of HI, and in order to do this effectively, further epidemiological work is needed [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The lifetime prevalence of hospitalised head injury in Scottish prisons: A population study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThere is mounting evidence that associates brain injury and offending behaviour, and there is a need to understand the epidemiology of head injury in prisoners in order to plan interventions to reduce associated disability and risk of reoffending. This is the first study to determine the lifetime prevalence of hospitalised head injury (HHI) in a national population of current prison inmates. In addition characteristics of prisoners with HHI and were compared to prisoners without HHI to discover whether those with HI differed demographically.MethodsWhole life hospital records of everyone aged 35 years or younger and resident in a prison in Scotland on a census date in 2015 were electronically linked via their unique NHS identifier and checked for ICD-9 and 10 codes for head injury. Using a case-control design, these data were compared with a sample from the general population matched 3:1 for age, gender and area-based social deprivation. Comparison of demographic variables was made between prisoners with and without HHI.ResultsHHI was found in 24.7% (1,080/4,374) of prisoners and was significantly more prevalent than found in the matched general population sample (18.2%; 2394/13122; OR 2.10; 95%CI 1.87, 2.16). The prevalence of HHI in prisoners and controls was similar with the exception of a higher risk of HHI in prisoners in lower deprivation quintiles. Having three or more HHI was more common in prisoners (OR 3.04; 95%CI 2.33, 3.97) as were HHI with ICD codes for intracranial injuries (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.54, 2.11), suggesting that more severe HHI is more prevalent in prisoners than the general population. The distributions within demographic variables and the characteristics of HHI admissions in prisoners with and without a history of HHI were similar.ConclusionPrisoners in Scotland aged 35 years or younger have a higher lifetime prevalence of HHI than the general population and are more likely to have had repeated HI or intracranial injuries. Further work is required to elucidate the correspondence between self-report of HI and hospitalised records and to ascertain persisting effects of HI in prisoners and the need for services to reduce associated disability and risk of reoffending.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lifetime prevalence of hospitalised head injury in Scottish prisons: A population study

et al. 2019

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“…The following text word searches were chosen from terms used in relevant published systematic reviews (10,11,15).…”

Section: Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domains were based on a previous systematic review of HI and offending (10) and modified in relation to the review questions (see table 1). These domains were used to organise and synthesise the data across studies.…”

Section: Quality Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological changes associated with HI, such as increased impulsivity, impaired cognition (including reduced mentalisation capacity) and social disability (6)(7)(8) may precipitate offending behaviour, and this raises important questions about delivery of health services for those with HI in prison settings (9). In this review, the term HI is preferred to traumatic brain injury (TBI) because in most instances, studies are based on self-report where the occurrence of an injury to the head may be likely, but brain injury is inferred and might not have occurred (10). Also, data linkage studies on hospitalisation use ICD codes which are designated as 'head injury' and again it is not clear whether TBI has occurred for some codes (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of head injury in female prisoners: a systematic PRISMA review

McGinley

McMillan

2019

Brain Injury

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Background: Although head injury (HI) is associated with offending behaviour, there has been relatively little attention to female prisoners. This systematic review considers the prevalence and characteristics of females with HI in prison, with a view towards improving understanding of service needs. Methods: Electronic databases were searched and two meta-analyses and two systematic reviews were checked for further relevant papers. Studies describing prevalence of HI in female prisoners were included. Papers were assessed for risk of bias. Results: Twelve studies were included. Prevalence of HI ranged from 19%-95% and was lower in studies using hospital records than self-report and generally did not differ by gender. Risk of bias was high overall, with little consistency in assessment methods and definition of HI. Samples sizes of female prisoners with HI were often modest and not clearly representative of the population. 3 The experiences/needs of prisoners can differ by gender, with females having a higher risk of physical and mental health problems, including psychological trauma. Conclusion: HI is prevalent in female prisoners, and their needs and experiences may differ from male prisoners with HI and female prisoners without. There are limitations in the literature, and future research should address these, and in so doing develop a firm, evidence base upon which effective services and interventions for female prisoners with HI can be developed.

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Knowledge about head injury in police custody staff and implications for training

McMillan

2022

Forensic Science International: Mind and Law

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Prevalence of Head Injury and Associated Disability in Prison Populations: A Systematic Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

The lifetime prevalence of hospitalised head injury in Scottish prisons: A population study

The lifetime prevalence of hospitalised head injury in Scottish prisons: A population study

The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of head injury in female prisoners: a systematic PRISMA review

Knowledge about head injury in police custody staff and implications for training

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