Prevalence of Helicobacter hepaticus, Murine Norovirus, and Pneumocystis carinii and Eradication Efficacy of Cross-Fostering in Genetically Engineered Mice

Yeom, Su-Cheong; Yu, Sun-A; Choi, Eunseo; Lee, Byeong-Chun; Lee, Wang-Jae

doi:10.1538/expanim.58.497

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The animals were housed in groups (sex-matched, 2-5 animals) in a room with a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle under specific pathogen-free conditions (see supplement Table 1 online at http://lan.sagepub.com) [AQ1] in IVCs (Greenline GM500; Tecniplast, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany) with 60 air changes per hour and a positive pressure mode (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The mice were kept on wood fiber bedding (Lignocel 3/4-S; JRS, Rosenberg, Germany) with weekly cage changes, and received sterile-filtered water along with a standard rodent diet (Altromin 1314; Altromin Spezialfutter, Lage, Germany) ad libitum.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16] In the present study, exhaust air prefilter quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was compared with serological monitoring of soiled bedding sentinels for the detection of murine norovirus (MNV) in a proof of principle field study with unknown prevalence, and also in an IVC rack with known MNV prevalence in order to determine detection limits. MNV was chosen because of its high prevalence worldwide [17][18][19][20][21] and as the most commonly detected viral agent in laboratory mice. 6 Since MNV infections do not cause clinical signs in immunocompetent or even most immunodeficient mice, new infections may remain undetected even when highly prevalent, and soiled bedding sentinels cannot be reliably used to detect infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of IVCs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels

et al. 2016

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One limitation to housing rodents in individually ventilated cages (IVCs) is the ineffectiveness of traditional health monitoring programs that test soiled bedding sentinels every quarter. Aerogen transmission does not occur with this method. Moreover, the transmission of numerous pathogens in bedding is uncertain, and sentinel susceptibility to various pathogens varies. A novel method using particle collection from samples of exhaust air was developed in this study which was also systematically compared with routine health monitoring using soiled bedding sentinels. We used our method to screen these samples for the presence of murine norovirus (MNV), a mouse pathogen highly prevalent in laboratory animal facilities. Exhaust air particles from prefilters of IVC racks with known MNV prevalence were tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). MNV was detected in exhaust air as early as one week with one MNV-positive cage per rack, while sentinels discharged MNV RNA without seroconverting. MNV was reliably and repeatedly detected in particles collected from samples of exhaust air in all seven of the three-month sampling rounds, with increasing MNV prevalence, while sentinels only seroconverted in one round. Under field conditions, routine soiled bedding sentinel health monitoring in our animal facility failed to identify 67% ( n = 85) of positive samples by RT-qPCR of exhaust air particles. Thus, this method proved to be highly sensitive and superior to soiled bedding sentinels in the reliable detection of MNV. These results represent a major breakthrough in hygiene monitoring of rodent IVC systems and contribute to the 3R principles by reducing the number of animals used and by improving experimental conditions.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of IVCs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels

et al. 2016

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“…Murine norovirus (MNV) is the most common pathogen in biomedical research mice worldwide [4] with a reported prevalence as high as 64% [5-10]. Following the discovery of MNV-1 in immunocompromised mice [2], additional MNV strains have been isolated from laboratory mice that form one serogroup, despite differences in biological phenotypes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine norovirus infection does not cause major disruptions in the murine intestinal microbiota

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMurine norovirus (MNV) is the most common gastrointestinal pathogen of research mice and can alter research outcomes in biomedical mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite indications that an altered microbiota is a risk factor for IBD, the response of the murine intestinal microbiota to MNV infection has not been examined. Microbiota disruption caused by MNV infection could introduce the confounding effects observed in research experiments. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of MNV infection on the intestinal microbiota of wild-type mice.ResultsThe composition of the intestinal microbiota was assessed over time in both outbred Swiss Webster and inbred C57BL/6 mice following MNV infection. Mice were infected with both persistent and non-persistent MNV strains and tissue-associated or fecal-associated microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA-encoding gene pyrosequencing. Analysis of intestinal bacterial communities in infected mice at the phylum and family level showed no major differences to uninfected controls, both in tissue-associated samples and feces, and also over time following infection, demonstrating that the intestinal microbiota of wild-type mice is highly resistant to disruption following MNV infection.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe the intestinal microbiota following MNV infection and demonstrates that acute or persistent MNV infection is not associated with major disruptions of microbial communities in Swiss Webster and C57BL/6 mice.

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“…DNA to be present in 16.1% of fecal pellets from mice and 6.6% from rats [19]. Another study performed in genetically engineered mice reported a 33.9% PCR prevalence of H. hepaticus in the cecum of 236 mice representing 46 strains [20]. The authors concluded that cross‐fostering as a rederivation method for H. hepaticus eradication, was probably not appropriate [20].…”

Section: Gastric and Enterohepatic Non‐h Pylori Helicobacter Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter spp. other than Helicobacter pylori

Goldman

Mitchell

2010

Helicobacter

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In a study conducted in 77 children diagnosed with chronic liver disease, Casswall et al. using a Helicobacter genus-specific PCR, detected Helicobacter spp. DNA in a liver biopsy from 1 child (4.2%) with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 3 children (11.1%) with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and 8.0% of controls. Sequencing of the PCR products from AIH and PSC children showed these to be mostly similar to Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter muridarum, Helicobacter canis and Helicobacter pylori, and to Helicobacter hepaticus, and Helicobacter pullorum in the controls [1]. Culture, nested PCR, and serology were used by Hamada et al. to determine the presence of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. (EHH) in bile samples from patients with cholelithiasis (n = 60), cholecystitis and gastric cancer (n = 28), gall bladder polyps (n = 6), and 32 controls. Based on PCR and serology, H. hepaticus DNA was observed in 41% of cholelithiasis patients and 36% of cholecystitis and gastric cancer patients, which was significantly higher (p = 0.029) than in the two other groups. The authors concluded that H. hepaticus may be associated with diseases of the liver and biliary tract of humans [2]. In a further study, Kosaka et al. used Helicobacter bilis-specific primers to determine the presence of H. bilis DNA in bile juice and biliary tissue of children (n = 8) and adults (n = 9) with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM AbstractOver the last 12 months, new insights into the association of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters with a range of human diseases in children and adults, including hepatobiliary disease, Crohn's disease, sepsis, and gastric disease were published. Studies investigating the presence of non-H. pylori Helicobacters in domestic animals reinforce previous findings that cats and dogs harbor gastric Helicobacter species and thus may be an important source of these organisms in humans. The confounding effect of enterohepatic Helicobacters on the outcome of biomedical research was investigated in several studies and led to recommendations that animals should be screened prior to performing experiments. A number of important and novel investigations regarding pathogenic mechanisms and immune responses to enterohepatic Helicobacters were conducted. Genomic advances in non-H. pylori Helicobacters included description of the complete genome of Helicobacter canadensis, delineation of two Helicobacter bilis genomospecies, and identification of a novel cis-regulatory RNA. New insights concerning growth conditions, biochemical characterization, and the effect of certain dietary compounds on Helicobacter spp. have also been reported.

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Prevalence of Helicobacter hepaticus, Murine Norovirus, and Pneumocystis carinii and Eradication Efficacy of Cross-Fostering in Genetically Engineered Mice

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of IVCs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels

Murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of IVCs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels

Murine norovirus infection does not cause major disruptions in the murine intestinal microbiota

Helicobacter spp. other than Helicobacter pylori

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