Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Women of Childbearing Age in Lagos, Nigeria

Aganga-Williams, OM; Akanmu, AS; Akinsete, I; Njoku, O.O.

doi:10.2307/3583228

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This correlates with the peak age of highest sexual activity in the society, hence supporting the role of sexual intercourse in the transmission of hepatitis B virus. The result also agrees with the report of Aganga [31] that in populations in which hepatitis B virus is relatively common; the majority of infections and peak prevalence of HBsAg as well as of specific antibody were in the age –group 25–29 and 30–34 years. There was no significant difference between age-groups as they relate to HBsAg prevalence (p = 0.171), therefore establishing the fact that HBV is common in all age-groups of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia and its effects on hematological parameters in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria

Kolawole

Wahab

Adekanle

et al. 2012

Virol J

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BackgroundThe transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is parenteral, sexual and perinatal. Prevention of vertical transmission of HBV is extremely important because HBV infection in early life usually results in a chronic carrier State.MethodsA descriptive seroepidemiological study of hepatitis B virus and its effects on hematological parameters was investigated in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. 200 venous samples were subjected to full blood count and its sera were subjected to enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of surface antigen of hepatitis B virus.ResultsPrevalence rate of 16.5% was obtained for hepatitis B surface antigen in pregnant women. The highest HBsAg prevalence rate recorded was 23.3% for pregnant women between aged 30–34 years while the lowest recorded was zero percent for those aged greater than 40 years. RBC, WBC, neutrophil, hemoglobin lymphocyte and platelet counts have no significant effects on HBsAg positivity of pregnant women (p = 0.801). There was no significant difference in HBsAg positivity in relation to maternal age, gravidity, gestational age, family type, level of education and occupation (p = 0.073). Among the potential risk factors, there was significant difference in HBsAg positivity in the pregnant women in relation to their history of HBV vaccination (p = 0.039).ConclusionsWe advocate universal free screening of pregnant women as the endemicity of HBV infections is thus being propagated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is in consonance with the report of Aganga [31] that women with longer period of marriage might have greater sexual activities and multiple deliveries, thereby exposing them to risk of HBV infection. There is a corresponding increase in HBsAg with an increase in the gestational age (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia and its effects on hematological parameters in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria

Kolawole

Wahab

Adekanle

et al. 2012

Virol J

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“…HBV infection causes an array of clinical syndromes such as acute hepatitis, chronic non-progressive hepatitis, and progressive disease ending in cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis with massive liver necrosis, asymptomatic carrier, and hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. The mode of transmission of HBV differs depending on the state of endemicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis B Virus is the most virulent and most versatile of all hepatotropic viruses and probably the most prevalent of all viruses that infect humans [1]. It is a major public health problem, and it is estimated that over 300 million people are chronic HBV carriers worldwide [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Pregnancy: Knowledge and Practice of Care Providers in Nigeria

Adeyemi¹,

Afolabi²,

Adeomi³

2014

OJOG

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Purpose: To determine the practice of obstetric care providers regarding routine screening for hepatitis B virus infection, and to assess their knowledge of the management of the positive pregnant women. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of obstetric care providers in southwestern Nigeria. Mean and standard deviation was used to summarize continuous variables while frequency and percentage was used for categorical variables. Categorical variables were compared with chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests as appropriate; while continuous variables were compared using the t-test. The level of statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Scoring of the outcome variables for knowledge was done, and the score categorized into good and poor knowledge, depending on if the respondent scored above or below the mean score. Results: Three hundred and eighty-one (67.4%) of the care givers routinely screen pregnant women for the serum marker (HBSAg) of HBV infection. Two hundred and seventy-four (48.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge score of the management of HBV infection in pregnancy. Routine screening for HBV infection was significantly associated with age (p = 0.002), years of practice (p < 0.001), specialty (p = 0.001) and professional cadre (p < 0.001), while knowledge was significantly associated with age (p = 0.012), years of practice (p = 0.003), specialty (p = 0.047) and types of practice (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Screening for HBV infection in pregnant women is not universal in southwestern Nigeria, and the care providers have poor knowledge of the management of the positive mothers.

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“…11,15,16,17 MTCT of hepatitis B virus infection continues to occur despite the interventions of hepatitis B vaccinations and immunoglobulins in settings where it is practiced. 14 It is pertinent to understand that the most significant risk factor in transmission of HBV is high maternal viral load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria: A call to action

Eke¹,

Onyire²,

Amadi³

2016

Nig. J. Paed.

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Abstract:Background: Sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria has the second largest global burden of chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after Asia. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is the most commonroute of transmission in high endemic areas .MTCT of hepatitis B virus infection continues to occur despite the interventions of hepatitis B vaccinations and immunoglobulins in settings where it is practiced. Infants most at risk are those whose mothers have high HBV DNA viral loads and produce the protein HBeAg. Various Nigerian studies have reported high HBV infection rates as well as HBeAg positivity among pregnant women. These HBV infections usually occur intrapartum and rarely inutero. Mothers with HBeAg positivity known to be associated with higher HBV DNA viral loads have been linked with higher chances of MTCT as HBeAg is the only structural HBV protein that can cross into the placental circulation. In the absence of post exposure prophylaxis about 40 percent of infants delivered by HBV infected mothers could develop HBV infections, and about 25% of them may come down with chronic hepatitis and resulting possible complications including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer later in life. The prevention of transmission of retroviral infection from motherto-child has been a success story of the 21 st century and such feat could be replicated for HBV infection. The standard PMTCT of HBV currently will comprise: timely prenatal screening, starting anti-viral therapy for pregnant women with HBeAg positivity and high viral load, infant postexposure prophylaxis and followup of infants of HBsAg positive mothers. There is no co-ordinated PMTCT of HBV programme in place in our setting despite the huge burden of the disease in Nigeria. Hence the need therefore to develop a home grown PMTCT programme of HBV to help tackle the burden of the disease in our country. An evidence based review of current best practice guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV for use in low and medium resource income settings with hepatitis B hyperendemicity will be quiet apt in this circumstance. This document therefore will be useful as a quick guide to Paediatricians, Obstetricians, Family Physicians, General Practice Doctors and other allied health workers charged with the care of pregnant mothers and their young children. Methods: Relevant literatures published in English language or translated into English were searched manually and electronically in PUBMED and SCOPUS for the period between 1990 and 2016 on the subject. Keywords searched included: epidemiology of HBV infection, MTCT of HBV, and its preventive strategies including prenatal screening, antiviral agents in pregnancy, infant post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up of infected children. Results: Over 35 scholarly articles on HBV epidemiology, MTCT, and preventive measures as well as follow -up models were retrieved and analyzed. Conclusion: Universal screening of all pregnant women for HBV infection is the most effective...

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Women of Childbearing Age in Lagos, Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia and its effects on hematological parameters in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia and its effects on hematological parameters in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Pregnancy: Knowledge and Practice of Care Providers in Nigeria

Prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria: A call to action

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