Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in HBsAg positive individuals of Afghanistan

Attaullah, Sobia; Rehman, Saif Ur; Khan, Sanaullah; Ali, Ijaz; Ali, Sajid; Khan, Shahid Niaz

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-8-281

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The most prevalent genotype in Iran is D1, and this is the first report of subgenotype D4 from Iran. This could be due to neighboring with Afghanistan; there is a heterogeneous distribution of HBV in Afghanistan . Although, in previous studies non‐DI subgenotypes, such as D2 and D3, have been rarely reported from Iran …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti‐hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects

Azarkar

Ziaee

Ebrahimzadeh

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Objectives Features of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among the anti‐hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) positives have yet to be described in more details. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI), and association to risk factors among seropositives for anti‐HBc. Methods This was part of a community‐based screening project that included 5234 cases. All participants completed a questionnaire on demographic and socio‐epidemiological information. Then, the blood samples were collected and tested for anti‐HBc and HBsAg using ELISA method. To identify OBI, nested‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed for HBV‐S and X genes, and viral load was determined using an in‐house real‐time PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis have been implemented for genotyping. Results Overall, 596 cases, positive only for anti‐HBc were included in the study. OBI was detected among 61 cases (10.2%). The genotype and subgenotype of HBV among all of them was D1, except one that was D4. Most of them had low viral loads ranged from 1.2 × 102 to 1.34 × 10 3 copies/mL; 19.6% had undetectable viral loads. Important mutations in surface protein and reverse transcriptase were sI92T, sQ129H, rtL80I, rtS85F, rtL91I. The prevalence of OBI was related to some risk factors, such as tattooing (P = 0.02), sexual activities (P = 0.009), and diabetes (P = 0.031). Conclusion Our study suggests that OBI should be considered among anti‐HBc seropositive subjects. This form of HBV infection was accompanied with some mutations, risk factors, and diseases. However, further investigations are needed to determine virological importance of documented mutations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti‐hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects

Azarkar

Ziaee

Ebrahimzadeh

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…However, lower rates of other genotypes have also been reported in Eastern Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran (33). Attaullah demonstrated that genotype D (35.67%) is the predominant genotype among Afghani population, followed by genotype C (32.16%), genotype A (19.30%), and genotype B (7.02%), respectively (34). Due to the proximity of Southern Khorasan to Afghanistan, and the substantial immigration of Afghani people through this province, our results are interesting and may contribute to the social and cultural behavior, as well as the health level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and Mutation Pattern in the Overlapping MHR Region of HBV Isolates in Southern Khorasan, Eastern Iran

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHepatitis B virus, with 8 known distinct genotypes, is one of the most serious health problems which results to liver injuries. The surface gene of Hepatitis B virus completely overlaps with the polymerase gene. Mutations in the RT gene result in changes in the overlapping hepatitis B surface antigen.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the genotypes and prevalence of mutations in a segment of S and RT gene in HBV isolates in Southern Khorasan, Iran.MethodsThis was a population-based study comprising 5,235 randomized samples for HBV screening. A nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was followed by direct sequencing, and the sequences blast with present sequences of NCBI database for genotyping. Alignment and phylogenic analysis was performed using MEGA-6 software, and mutation pattern of this segment was finally surveyed in Bioedit software.ResultsThe mean age was 39.07 ± 14.04 years, with 52.2% female and 47.8% male. All isolates belonged to HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D1. The most amino acid substitutions of surface protein were Q129H (34.42%) and A168V (8.2%), other escape mutants observed in this study were P127L/T, S117G, T125M, S143L, D144E and E164D. In the RT gene, Q149K was the most frequently identified amino acid substitution (9.83%), followed by L122F (8.19%), N118D/T (6.55%), L157M (4.91%), and H124Y (3.27%).ConclusionsThis finding represents an ongoing dominancy of HBV genotype D in Eastern Iran, corresponding to other parts of Iran. There were a lot of variations in the S gene leading to an escape mutation, some of which affected the corresponding area of the RT region.

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“…1 HBsAg endemicity in 1990-2013 and geographic distribution of HBV genotypes in Asia. The prevalence data are retrieved from a systematic review [1]; this map is prepared according to the literature [1,6,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] HBV genotypes and response to antiviral therapy in Asia HBV genotypes and response to interferon (IFN)-based therapies HBV genotypes are significantly associated with sustained response to IFN-based therapies. In general, for HBeAgpositive patients, the probability of sustained response is in a descending order from genotype A-D [50].…”

Section: Hbv Genotypes and Clinical Manifestation In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus genotypes: epidemiological and clinical relevance in Asia

Tian

Jia

2016

Hepatol Int

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is characterized by a high genetic heterogeneity since it replicates via a reverse transcriptase that lacks proofreading ability. Up to now, ten genotypes (A-J) have been described, with genotype A and D being ubiquitous but most prevalent in Europe and Africa, genotype B and C being confined to Asia and Oceania. Infections with other genotypes such as E, F, G and H are also occasionally observed in Asia. Genotype I is rare and can be found in Laos, Vietnam, India and China, whereas genotype J has been described in Japan and Ryukyu. Novel variants generated by recombination and co-infection with other genotypes have gradually gotten worldwide attention and may be correlated with certain clinical features. There are substantial differences in HBV infection regarding prevalence, clinical manifestation, disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. Due to the complex interplay among viral, host and environmental factors, the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical profiles remains incompletely revealed. In general, genotype A is associated with better response to interferon therapy; genotype C, and to lesser extent B, usually represent a risk factor for perinatal infection and are associated with advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma; genotype D may be linked with poor response to interferon therapy. Future studies with better design and larger sample size are warranted to further clarify the controversial issues and guide the day-to-day clinical practice.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in HBsAg positive individuals of Afghanistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti‐hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects

Epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among anti‐hepatitis B core antigen alone subjects

Genotyping and Mutation Pattern in the Overlapping MHR Region of HBV Isolates in Southern Khorasan, Eastern Iran

Hepatitis B virus genotypes: epidemiological and clinical relevance in Asia

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