Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection in a Population of Asymptomatic People in a Checkup Unit in Mexico City

Méndez-Sánchez, Nahúm; Ponciano-Rodríguez, Guadalupe; Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C.; Motola-Kuba, Daniel; Almeda‐Valdés, Paloma; Sánchez-Lara, Karla; Ramos, Martha H.; Uribe, Misael

doi:10.1007/s10620-005-2565-1

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Several epidemiological studies of HCV performed in Mexican people that included blood donors, [28-30] open population, [31,32] and patients with cirrhosis [33] mentioned dental treatment as a probable risk factor. Other studies found that living with a family member infected with HCV [34,35] or suffering from liver disease [33,36,37] was an associated risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with active infection not associated with periodontal or liver disease severity

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly transmitted by parenteral route, being blood transfusion and intravenous drug use the most frequent risk factors. However, it has been suggested that there are other routes of transmission. There are several studies where HCV RNA has been detected in saliva of patients infected with HCV, and epidemiological studies have proposed the dental treatments as possible risk factors for HCV transmission. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of HCV RNA in saliva of patients with active infection and associating with periodontal or liver disease.MethodsPatients with quantifiable HCV-RNA in serum were enrolled in the study. Periodontal disease was assessed using the modified gingival index (MGI). Presence of dental plaque was assessed with the use of disclosing tablets. Patients were clinically and laboratory evaluated to identify the stage of liver disease, the HCV RNA was determinate in saliva by nested RT-PCR. To determine associations between different parameters univariate and multivariate analysis were used.ResultsA total of 45 patients were included. Of these patients, 21 (46.6%) had hepatitis, 23 (51.1%) had cirrhosis and one patient (2.4%) presented hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral loads in serum ranged from 2.31–6.68 log IU/ml with a mean of 5.46 log IU/ml (95% CI 5.23–5.70). HCV RNA was positive in saliva of 29 patients (64.4%) and was not detected in 16 (35.6%). For univariate analysis three independent variables were associated with the detection of HCV-RNA in saliva: gender, viral load and dental plaque and multivariate analysis only one independent variable viral load >5.17 log IU/mL remained significantly associated with the detection of HCV in saliva (p = 0.0002). A statistical difference was observed when viral load was analyzed, log 5.85 IU/mL (95% CI 5.67–6.02) for patients with HCV in saliva vs. log 4.77 IU/mL (95% CI 4.35–5.19) for patients without HCV in saliva (p = 0.0001). The detection of HCV-RNA in saliva was more frequent in patients with relatively high serum viral loads.ConclusionHCV-RNA in saliva was associated with the level of serum viral load but not with periodontal or liver disease severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with active infection not associated with periodontal or liver disease severity

et al. 2014

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“…The prevalence was estimated at 1.4% in the adults and 0.95% in the total population in 2000. A considerable number of studies assessed the overall HCV prevalence (76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89). In addition, two meta-analyses summarized the prevalence in different populations and geographies (5,90).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and projections of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Latin America

Kershenobich¹,

Razavi²,

Sánchez-Ávila³

et al. 2011

Liver International

132

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Background and aim: The purpose of the present investigation is to provide an analysis of previous works on the epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from six countries throughout Latin America, to forecast the future HCV prevalence trends in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico, and to outline deficiencies in available data, highlighting the need for further research. Methods: Data references were identified through indexed journals and non-indexed sources. Overall, 1080 articles were reviewed and 150 were selected based on their relevance to this work. When multiple data sources were available for a key assumption, a systematic process using multi-objective decision analysis (MODA) was used to select the most appropriate sources. When data were missing, analogues were used. Data from other countries with similar risk factors and/or population compositions were used as a proxy to help predict the future trends in prevalence. Results: The review indicates that the dominant genotype is type 1. HCV prevalence in the analysed countries ranges from 1 to 2.3%. The Latin American countries have been very proactive in screening their blood supplies, thus minimizing the risk of transmission through transfusion. This suggests that other risk factors are set to play a major role in continued new infections. The number of diagnosed and treated patients is low, thereby increasing the burden of complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV prevalence, according to our modelling is steady or increasing and the number of infected individuals will increase. Conclusions: The results herein reported should provide a foundation for informed planning efforts to tackle hepatitis.

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“…The majority of studies included sample populations from specific groups: one study examined risk factors in a sample of blood donors 24 , one involved pregnant women attending antenatal services 25 , one in homeless people 26 , one in non-PWIDs 27 , one in nurses 28 , and one in a sample of different risk groups 29 . Full details of the characteristics of the included studies are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C Virus infection in a heterosexual population: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of liver Background: disease worldwide. Identification of risk factors can guide screening and prevention. Sexual transmission in monogamous heterosexual relationships is rare but it is uncertain which sexual behaviours are linked to HCV transmission. This review aimed to determine risk factors for sexual HCV transmission in heterosexuals in low HCV prevalence countries (PROSPERO registration ). CRD42016051099We searched Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index-Expanded, Methods: Social Sciences Citation index, Conference proceedings (Web of Science), CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, PubMed, and grey literature (04/11/2016). We included studies published in/after the year 2000 that examined sexual risk factors for HCV infection, other than interspousal transmission, in heterosexual adults (≥18 years). We excluded prisoners, people who inject drugs (PWIDs), people co-infected with HIV or from high prevalence countries. Two reviewers completed study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and quality of evidence assessment (GRADE) independently. Meta-analysis could not be conducted.Eight studies were included, examining seven factors (multiple sex Results: partners, receiving/providing sex commercially, PWID partner, and unprotected vaginal, oral, anal sex). None were significant, except the evidence for the factor having a PWID partner was conflicting.We are uncertain about the results due to the very low quality of Conclusions: evidence (GRADE). A more liberal approach to review inclusion criteria might be useful in further identifying factors associated with an increased risk of sexual transmission of HCV infection in a heterosexual population. However, caution should be applied to avoid the impact of confounders on the findings.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection in a Population of Asymptomatic People in a Checkup Unit in Mexico City

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with active infection not associated with periodontal or liver disease severity

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with active infection not associated with periodontal or liver disease severity

Trends and projections of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Latin America

Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C Virus infection in a heterosexual population: A systematic review

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