Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in slaughter-age pigs in Scotland

Crossan, Claire; Grierson, Sylvia S.; Thomson, Jill R.; Ward, A; Nuñéz-García, Javier; Banks, M.; Scobie, Linda

doi:10.1017/s0950268814003100

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…88,89 HEV infection has been identified in more than 80% of some pig herds in the USA, Canada and in the UK (England), 90,91 although Scottish herds have a lower seroprevalence of around 62%. 92 In a more recent report on English and Northern Irish pigs, 93% of slaughter age animals were seropositive. 90 In the West of Scotland, 92% of tested wild caught mussels were PCR positive for HEV and consumption of undercooked/raw shellfish is another viable route of transmission.…”

Section: Genotypementioning

confidence: 97%

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Donnelly

Scobie

Crossan

et al. 2017

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBackground: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute icteric hepatitis and acute liver failure in the developing world. During the last decade, there has been increasing recognition of autochthonous (locally acquired) HEV infection in developed countries. Chronic HEV infection is now recognised, and in transplant recipients this may lead to cirrhosis and organ failure.Aim: To detail current understanding of the molecular biology of HEV, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and propose future directions for basic science and clinical research.Methods: PubMed was searched for English language articles using the key words "hepatitis E", "viral hepatitis", "autochthonous infection", "antiviral therapy", "liver transplantation", "acute", "chronic", "HEV", "genotype", "transmission" "food-borne", "transfusion". Additional relevant publications were identified from article reference lists. Future work should focus on increasing awareness of HEV infection in the developed world, emphasising the need for clinicians to have a low threshold for HEV testing, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Patients at potential risk of chronic HEV infection must also be educated and given advice regarding prevention of infection.

show abstract

Section: Genotypementioning

confidence: 97%

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Donnelly

Scobie

Crossan

et al. 2017

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Crossan et al separately tested the presence of the different types of anti-HEV antibodies in Scotland and reported that, of 176 serum samples tested, 29% ( n = 51) were anti-HEV IgG-positive, 36.9% ( n = 65) anti-HEV IgA-positive and 29% ( n = 51) anti-HEV IgM-positive. Overall seroprevalence (anti-HEV IgG+ and/or IgA+ and/or IgM+) was 61.4% ( n = 108) [16]. In the same region and period, individual HEV seroprevalence was found by Grierson et al to be even higher; they reported that 584 out of 629 pigs (92.8%) had anti-HEV antibodies at the time of slaughter [17].…”

Section: Hev Prevalence In Farmed Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) within the swine reservoir to public health risk mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review

Salines

Andraud

Rose

2017

Vet Res

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans, an emerging zoonosis mainly transmitted via food in developed countries and for which domestic pigs are recognised as the main reservoir. It therefore appears important to understand the features and drivers of HEV infection dynamics on pig farms in order to implement HEV surveillance programmes and to assess and manage public health risks. The authors have reviewed the international scientific literature on the epidemiological characteristics of HEV in swine populations. Although prevalence estimates differed greatly from one study to another, all consistently reported high variability between farms, suggesting the existence of multifactorial conditions related to infection and within-farm transmission of the virus. Longitudinal studies and experimental trials have provided estimates of epidemiological parameters governing the transmission process (e.g. age at infection, transmission parameters, shedding period duration or lag time before the onset of an immune response). Farming practices, passive immunity and co-infection with immunosuppressive agents were identified as the main factors influencing HEV infection dynamics, but further investigations are needed to clarify the different HEV infection patterns observed in pig herds as well as HEV transmission between farms. Relevant surveillance programmes and control measures from farm to fork also have to be fostered to reduce the prevalence of contaminated pork products entering the food chain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-017-0436-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…In Europe, high HEV seroprevalence has been detected in swine from Spain [143, 144], Italy [145–147], Norway [29], Denmark [148], UK [149, 150], Estonia [151], Germany [152, 153], or Switzerland [154, 155]. According to the seroprevalence data, 76% to 98% of Spanish swine farms have evidence of HEV presence [143, 144, 156, 157].…”

Section: Hev In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, RNA has been found in feces, liver, bile, and cecal content of animals at slaughter age, representing a risk of entrance of HEV into the food chain [149, 150, 157, 160]. Casas et al [160] identified the virus in liver or bile of 3 animals at slaughter age 3 months after the first reports of their infection.…”

Section: Hev In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumption of raw or undercooked meat has also been suggested as a risk factor for HEV infection because of the following: (a) the virus is frequently isolated from animals at slaughter age and meat products at point-of-sale [149, 150, 176, 223, 227], (b) it is unknown how long the virus can survive in an infectious state in food products [243], (c) some studies indicate that HEV can survive and keep infectivity at temperatures used in some cooking regimens [244, 245], and (d) the consumption of raw or undercooked meat has been frequently identified as risk factor for HEV infection [30, 41, 65, 246]. In Spain, Riveiro-Barciela et al [222] described the zoonotic origin of an acute hepatitis E in an immunocompromised patient after pork meat ingestion.…”

Section: Routes Of Transmission and Risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Clemente-Casares

Ramos-Romero

Ramirez-Gonzalez

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Its presence in developing countries has been documented for decades. Developed countries were supposed to be virus-free and initially only imported cases were detected in those areas. However, sporadic and autochthonous cases of HEV infection have been identified and studies reveal that the virus is worldwide spread. Chronic hepatitis and multiple extrahepatic manifestations have also been associated with HEV. We review the data from European countries, where human, animal, and environmental data have been collected since the 90s. In Europe, autochthonous HEV strains were first detected in the late 90s and early 2000s. Since then, serological data have shown that the virus infects quite frequently the European population and that some species, such as pigs, wild boars, and deer, are reservoirs. HEV strains can be isolated from environmental samples and reach the food chain, as shown by the detection of the virus in mussels and in contaminated pork products as sausages or meat. All these data highlight the need of studies directed to control the sources of HEV to protect immunocompromised individuals that seem the weakest link of the HEV epidemiology in industrialized regions.

show abstract

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in slaughter-age pigs in Scotland

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

Review article: hepatitis E—a concise review of virology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and therapy

From the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) within the swine reservoir to public health risk mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review

Hepatitis E Virus in Industrialized Countries: The Silent Threat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About