Prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 at maternal and fetal sides of the placenta in asymptomatic pregnant women

Finger‐Jardim, Fabiana; Avila, Emiliana Claro; Hora, Vanusa Pousada da; Gonçalves, Carla Vitola; Martínez, Ana Maria Barral de; Soares, Marcelo A.

doi:10.1111/aji.12689

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Another report using the same methodology applied in the present study found 28% and 29.9% of prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in maternal and fetal placental samples, and lack of condom use and vaginal delivery were identified as independent risk factors for HSV-1 infection in the maternal side of the placenta. 18 Lack of condom use is a risk factor in the present study, increasing vertical transmission by almost four times, thus reassuring HSV-1 as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) agent and supporting the idea of ascendant infection transmission, and this association has been previously observed in other studies. 7,12,18 HSV is an STI, and the use of condom during sexual intercourse is a protective method.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In this scenario, we consider that pregnant women with asymptomatic viral shedding can transmit the virus to the newborn, as previously reported in other studies. 10,11,18 The presence of the virus in the blood nourishing the fetus during pregnancy is facilitated by its occurrence in the placenta, which is a tissue shown to be permissive to HSV infection in vitro. 23,26 There are few studies investigating HSV vertical transmission using the cord blood as a target tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Cord Blood and Placenta Infection of Women in Southern Brazil

Avila

Finger‐Jardim

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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Objective Estimate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 1 HSV-1 DNA in placental samples, its incidence in umbilical cord blood of newborns and the associated risk factors. Methods Placental biopsies and umbilical cord blood were analyzed, totaling 480 samples, from asymptomatic parturients and their newborns at a University Hospital. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing were used to identify the virus; odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were performed to compare risk factors associated with this condition. Results The prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in placental samples was 37.5%, and the incidence in cord blood was 27.5%. Hematogenous transplacental route was identified in 61.4% from HSV-1+ samples of umbilical cord blood paired with the placental tissue. No evidence of the virus was observed in the remaining 38.6% of placental tissues, suggesting an ascendant infection from the genital tract, without replication in the placental tissue, resulting in intra-amniotic infection and vertical transmission, seen by the virus in the cord blood. The lack of condom use increased the risk of finding HSV-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood. Conclusion The occurrence of HSV-1 DNA in the placenta and in cord blood found suggests vertical transmission from asymptomatic pregnant women to the fetus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Cord Blood and Placenta Infection of Women in Southern Brazil

Avila

Finger‐Jardim

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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“…13,14 It is estimated that genital HSV affects 50 million American adults, but this is likely underestimated as the virus is asymptomatic in 65%-90% of cases. 16 Transmission from mother to offspring can lead to significant morbidities, including aseptic meningitis and death in 23%-29% of cases of neonatal herpes. A recent study of 422 pregnant Brazilian women revealed that the placental prevalence of HSV-2 and HSV-1 was 12.6% and 28.0% (maternal side) and 8.3% and 29.9% (fetal side).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study of 422 pregnant Brazilian women revealed that the placental prevalence of HSV-2 and HSV-1 was 12.6% and 28.0% (maternal side) and 8.3% and 29.9% (fetal side). 16 Transmission from mother to offspring can lead to significant morbidities, including aseptic meningitis and death in 23%-29% of cases of neonatal herpes. [17][18][19] Type one IFNs have immunomodulatory roles during pregnancy and promote tolerance to the conceptus (fetus and placenta) and protect against infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon epsilon in the reproductive tract of healthy and genital herpes simplex virus‐infected pregnant women: Results of a pilot study

Nickodem

Criscitiello

Bazer

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

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“…The incubation period can last as long as 2 to 4 weeks. Some infants show disseminated disease with widespread internal organ participation and necrosis of the liver and adrenal glands, other newborns have involvement of the central nervous system but other`s disease limited to the skin, eyes, and/or mouth only [52,53].…”

Section: Human Herpes Simplex Virus Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel chlamydia growth-monitoring method and its application for screening anti- and pro-chlamydial compounds

Varga-Bogdanov¹

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AbbreviationsAg silver Ag-TiO 2 silver-modified TiO 2 3-OS HS 3-O-sulfated heparin sulfate AB aberrant body AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome C. trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis C. pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CVD coronary vascular disease DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimal Eagle's medium EB elementary body FBS fetal bovine serum HBSS Hank's balanced salt solution HHV human herpes virus HHSV human herpes simplex virus HHSV-1 human herpes simplex virus-1 HHSV-2 human herpes simplex virus -2 HHV-3/VZV varicella-zoster virus HHV-4/EBV Epstein-Barr virus HHV-5/HCMV human cytomegalovirus HHV-8/KSHV Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus IFN-γ interferon gamma IFU inclusion forming unit LGV lymphogranuloma venereum LPS lipopolysaccharide MEM minimal essential medium MIC minimal inhibitory concentration MOI multiplicity of infection MOMP major outer membrane protein 7 MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay MQ water Milli-Q water NP nanoparticle PBS phosphate-buffered saline PCR polymerase chain reaction p.i. post-infection PID pelvic inflammatory disease PLT agents the agents of psittacosis, lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma QPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction RB reticulate body ROS reactive oxygen species RT room temperature SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SPG buffer sucrose-phosphate-glutamic acid buffer STIs Sexually transmitted infections TEM transmission electron microscopy TiO 2 titanium-dioxide UV light ultraviolet lightChlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that propagate in the inclusion, a specific niche inside the host cell. The standard method for counting chlamydiae is immunofluorescent staining and manual counting of chlamydial inclusions. High-or medium-throughput estimation of the reduction in chlamydial inclusions should be the basis of testing antichlamydial compounds and other drugs that positively or negatively influence chlamydial growth, yet low-throughput manual counting is the common approach. To overcome the time-consuming and subjective manual counting, we developed an automatic inclusion-counting system based on a commercially available DNA chip scanner. Fluorescently labeled inclusions are detected by the scanner, and the image is processed by ChlamyCount, a custom plug-in of the ImageJ software environment. ChlamyCount was able to measure the inclusion counts over a 1-log-unit dynamic range with a high correlation to the theoretical counts. ChlamyCount was capable of accurately determining the MICs of the novel antimicrobial compound PCC00213 and the already known antichlamydial antibiotics moxifloxacin and tetracycline. ChlamyCount was also able to measure the chlamydial growth-altering effect of drugs that influence host-bacterium interaction, such as gamma interferon, DEAE-dextran, and cycloheximide. ChlamyCount is an easily adaptable system for testing antichlamydial antimicrobials and other compounds that influence Chlamydia-host interactions. AbstractA...

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Prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 at maternal and fetal sides of the placenta in asymptomatic pregnant women

Abstract: The occurrence of HSVs in placental tissue was high, especially for HSV-1. Novel strategies need to be implemented for the management of asymptomatic women who might transmit HSV to their newborns.

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

High Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Cord Blood and Placenta Infection of Women in Southern Brazil

High Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Cord Blood and Placenta Infection of Women in Southern Brazil

Interferon epsilon in the reproductive tract of healthy and genital herpes simplex virus‐infected pregnant women: Results of a pilot study

Development of a novel chlamydia growth-monitoring method and its application for screening anti- and pro-chlamydial compounds

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