Prevalence of High Risk Obstructive Sleep Apnoea by Berlin Questionnaire in Patients with Hypertension: Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), a condition characterized by a complete or partial cessation of airflow during sleep, can cause various cardiovascular disorders including hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of OSA in patients with hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective cohort study of 504 patients with hypertension was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital of India for a period of six months. OSA was evaluated using the Berlin questionnaire while the daytime sleepiness was determined using Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS v. 20. Results: High risk of OSA was identified in 120 (23.8%) patients and the prevalence of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness score ˃16) was found to be 32.5% (95% CI, p˂0.001) in these patients. The mean neck circumference, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio for high-risk OSA group were 37.41 ± 3.396 cm, 105.90 ± 11.28 cm and 1.01 ± 0.065 respectively while for the low-risk group, these parameters were 35.45 ± 2.652 cm, 98.75 ± 10.87 cm and 0.99 ± 0.080 respectively (95% CI, p˂0.001). The mean blood pressure (BP) ≥133.52/84.37 mm Hg was recorded in patients with a high risk of OSA (95% CI, P<0.05), and resistant hypertension (3.3%) was significantly associated with the risk of OSA (95% CI, P<0.05).Conclusion: In the tertiary health care setting, the prevalence of high-risk of OSA in patients with hypertension is high. Screening for OSA should be a part of the hypertensive medical investigation and patients may benefit from a proper evaluation of OSA.