Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in urban, semi-urban and rural areas in Arusha region, Tanzania

Mnyika, Kagoma S.; Klepp, Knut‐Inge; Kvåle, Gunnar; Nilssen, Steinar; Kissila, Peter E.; Ole-Kingóri, N

doi:10.1097/00002030-199410000-00016

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Higher prevalence of HIV infection both in the urban and rural areas among the divorced and separated individuals was noted. Similar ® ndings were reported from Tanzania 15,28 . A higher prevalence was seen among the unmarried individuals in the urban area compared to that of the rural.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were reported in countries such as Co Ã te d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, etc 14 . Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections vary in urban and rural areas 15 . The reports on the prevalence of HIV infection in India among commercial sex workers (CSWs) 45%, STD population 23.5% 16 , 0.054% in antenatal women 17 and 0.3% among blood donors 18 are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in urban and rural areas in Tamil Nadu, India

Solomon

Kumarasamy²,

Ganesh³

et al. 1998

Int J STD AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We aim to study the factors associated with the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in the urban and rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India. The population of Tamil Nadu is approximately 60 million. Between April 94 and March 95, 992 samples from 5 representative urban centres and 1071 samples from 5 representative rural centres were collected and studied. A questionnaire was administered privately and it preceded collection of each sample. Samples were screened using ELISA and antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 were confirmed using Western blot. The study was anonymous and unlinked. The prevalence of HIV infection in urban and rural areas was 7.2% (95% CI=6.1 to 8.31%); HIV-1 antibodies were found in 7.4% (95% CI=5.8 to 9.2%) of urban and 7.0% (95% CI=5.6 to 8.7%) of rural population; HIV-2 antibodies were found in 0.8% of urban and 0.3% of rural population. Heterosexual transmission, more so among those with multiple partner sex, was the main mode; higher prevalence of HIV infection among divorced/single individuals both in urban (21.1%) and rural (26.1%) was found. HIV infection among housewives stood at 4.1% (urban) and 3.8% (rural). The strength of association between STDs and HIV was observed to be greater in rural subjects (OR=8.89; 95% CI=5.11 to 15.57) than in urban subjects (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.14 to 3.18). The prevalence of condom use was found to be less than 2% in the study subjects. HIV-2 is not as widely prevalent in Tamil Nadu as HIV-1. In our study the most common risk factors for HIV infection that emerged were (a) having multiple sexual partners, and (b) history of STDs or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) reactivity. Mobility of individuals between urban and rural areas has furthered the dissemination of HIV infection. Low condom usage among study subjects questions the effectiveness of the existing AIDS awareness and education programme. The study indicates the importance of placing equal emphasis on HIV prevention in rural India. HIV infection among housewives in urban and rural areas is indicative of gender inequalities and the importance of empowering women to prevent infection from spouse.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in urban and rural areas in Tamil Nadu, India

Solomon

Kumarasamy²,

Ganesh³

et al. 1998

Int J STD AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As found elsewhere, seroprevalence rose with increased education [Dallabetta et al, 1993, Chao et al, 1994, and in urban patients [Mnyika et al, 1994]. We found that living with a sexual partner at present, having been divorced ever, and if aged under 40 being widowed, were all associated with HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and indicators of HIV and AIDS among adults admitted to medical and surgical wards in Blantyre, Malawi

Lewis¹,

Callaghan²,

Phiri³

et al. 2004

Mal. Med. J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ongoing urbanization in most developing countries has also steered the emergency of semiurban/semirural areas, mostly in places that are ordinarily classified as rural settings [31][32][33][34]. This might pose challenges while trying to describe urban-rural differences in disease risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Associated Socioeconomic Determinants in Rural and Urban Tanzania: Results from the 2012 WHO-STEPS Survey

Mashili

Kagaruki

Mbatia

et al. 2018

International Journal of Population Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Physical inactivity contributes to the rising prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given the rapidly increasing prevalence of NCDs in Low-Income Countries (LICs), comprehensive evaluation and documentation of physical activity (PA) status in this setting are crucial. Methods. We examined the demographic and social-economic antecedents of PA among adults (5398) from the 2012 Tanzania STEPS survey data. Statistical significance at the level of 0.05 was used to measure the strength of associations. Results. Majority of study participants attained the WHO-recommended levels of physical activity (96.7%). Levels were higher among those living in rural than in urban settings (98% versus 92%, < 0.0001) and generally, urban residency, female gender, higher education achievement, and employment were significantly associated with low levels of PA. Participation in the different domains of PA (work, transport, and recreational) varied with living setting, levels of education, and employment status. Conclusion. These results describe PA status and associated social-economic determinants among adults in rural and urban Tanzania. The findings contribute to the growing evidence that implicates urbanization as a key driver for the growing prevalence of physical inactivity in LICs and underscore the need for tailored PA interventions based on demography and social-economic factors.

show abstract

Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in urban, semi-urban and rural areas in Arusha region, Tanzania

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in urban and rural areas in Tamil Nadu, India

Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in urban and rural areas in Tamil Nadu, India

Prevalence and indicators of HIV and AIDS among adults admitted to medical and surgical wards in Blantyre, Malawi

Physical Activity and Associated Socioeconomic Determinants in Rural and Urban Tanzania: Results from the 2012 WHO-STEPS Survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About