Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV Infections among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

Odaibo, Georgina N.; Babalola, O.; Akpa, Onoja Matthew; Fasola, F A; Odetunde, Abayomi; Brown, Biobele J.; Alamukii, N A; Babalola, Chinedum P.; Falusi, Adeyinka G.

doi:10.4236/wja.2021.113009

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The decreasing trend in the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV in our study, which generally agree with previous epidemiological reports from the state and national health statistics could be attributed to the positive influence of various national health education programs aimed at reducing blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections in the country. Our findings support the report of Odaibo et al (2021) which attributed the increased availability of vaccines for HBV, prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs for HIV, and nationwide improvement in the screening of blood for transfusion to the widespread report of low prevalence HBV, HIV, and HCV infections in different epidemiological investigations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Previously, a similar study among undergraduate students in Rivers and Kogi State documented HCV prevalence of 0% (Okonko et al, 2014) and 4.5% (Omatola et al, 2016), respectively. The current HIV prevalence rate is comparable with a 0.3% anti-HIV seropositivity rate recently reported by Odaibo et al (2021) among Sickle Cell Disease individuals in southwestern Nigeria but substantially lower than the 3.3% prevalence rate reported for Kogi State by the Ministry of Health in 2015 (FMH, 2015). The findings of this study corroborate previous epidemiological national health data which indicated a clear decline in national HIV prevalence of 2.8% in 2018; 1.4% in 2019 (FMH, 2019).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

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Serosurvey for HIV, Hepatitis B, and C Viruses Among Apparently Healthy Students of Federal Polytechnic Idah and its Environs

Abraham,

Omatola,

Okolo

et al. 2023

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain a significant public health concern globally. However, there is a dearth of information about the prevalence of the three viruses in the study area. Therefore, the current study determined the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among students of a tertiary institution and its environs in Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria. Sera obtained from 1000 consented individuals were screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV antibodies using commercial immunoassay test kits. Relevant demographic information was obtained from each participant with a structured questionnaire. Of the 1000 participants, HBV, HCV, and HIV were detected in 28 (2.8%), 2 (0.2%) and 3 (0.3%), respectively. However, no participant was simultaneously infected with any two or three viruses. The age group 21-40 years demonstrated greater exposure to HBV (7.57%), HCV (0.37%), and HIV (1.17%) infection than the others. More male than female participants had HBV (3.3% vs. 2.4%). On the contrary, both genders were equally infected with HCV (0.2% vs. 0.2%), while more of the females had HIV (0.6% Vs. 0.0%). Nevertheless, neither gender nor age of exposure significantly influenced any of the three viral infections. Being single significantly influenced HCV (P=0.02) and HIV (P=0.001) while levels of education significantly predict HBsAg seropositivity (P=0.02). Generally, not knowing about viral infection prevention was associated with a high prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV. In conclusion, the study observed a low prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV when compared with most reported studies elsewhere. However, the occurrence of more viral infections in association with a lack of knowledge of infection suggests the need to strengthen awareness programs on infection and control strategies in the area.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Serosurvey for HIV, Hepatitis B, and C Viruses Among Apparently Healthy Students of Federal Polytechnic Idah and its Environs

Abraham,

Omatola,

Okolo

et al. 2023

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“…The prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in mono, dual or triple infection has been reported in several populations in Nigeria including Sickle Cell Disease Patients 15 , pregnant women 16 , blood donors 17 , healthcare workers 18 , sex workers 19 and men who have sex with men including transgenders 20 . However, there is paucity of information on coinfection of these viruses among livestock merchants and slaughterhouse workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among livestock merchants and slaughterhouse workers in Ibadan, Nigeria

V Opayele,

T Arege,

O Faneye

et al. 2024

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Most studies on viral infections among livestock handlers have focused on occupational exposure from inadvertent contact with infected animals. Consequently, little emphasis is given to the effect of their lifestyle on the acquisition of other blood-borne viruses. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and assess risk factors for HIV, HBV and HCV infections among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 265 livestock handlers between October 2016 to April 2017 in Ibadan. The samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV and HCV; and surface antigen to HBV using ELISA. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on risk factors associated with the transmission of these viruses. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square test and logistic regression to determine the association between risk factors and predictors of infection (p < 0.05). Results: Of 265 participants, 11 (4.2%), 29 (10.9%) and 13 (4.9%) individuals tested positive for HIV, HBV and HCV infections respectively. Two (0.8%) of the participants were coinfected with HIV and HBV while 1(0.4%) was coinfected with both HBV and HCV. Individuals who travelled frequently in the course of Livestock trades had a higher rate of HIV infection. Conclusions: A high Infection with HIV, HBV and HCV is common among the study participants. There is a need for continued surveillance and awareness creation on preventive measures against these viruses. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; viral hepatitis; slaughterhouse workers.

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“…Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) targets for the eradication of Hepatitis B as a public health problem by 2030, death attributable to Viral Hepatitis has continued to increase over the past decades with sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 20-30% of persons living with Hepatitis B Infection [1]. Hepatitis B virus is a common transfusion transmitted infection and among the most frequent complications in individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) due to their life-long dependent on transfusion therapy and uncertainties in donor blood testing procedures [2,3]. Efforts to reduce the incidence and prevention of HBV infection in Nigeria are limited even though an effective vaccine has been available in the country since 2004 [4].This implies that persons who were born before 2004 had no opportunities of being vaccinated with an unquantifiable proportion of such persons who has been living with the infection constituting a reservoir of infection [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Testing and Vaccination Status among Sickle cell Disease Patients

Ogbuabor

Arji

Ngwu

2022

IJPR

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Background: Sickle cell anemia patients are a cohort of at-risk individuals for Hepatitis B virus infection due to their life-long dependency on transfusion therapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations stipulates testing and vaccination for at-risk individuals. Objective: The objectives of the present study are to assess the level of knowledge of sickle cell disease patients to HBV infection, identify their HBV vaccination status and to assess the barrier that prevents patients from being tested and vaccinated for HBV infection. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects comprised of 120 sickle cell disease patients who were recruited through consecutive sampling using pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires and data was analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for Microsoft Window Version 23. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24 +6 years. About 57.5% of the respondents are aware of Hepatitis B virus infection but only 15% had good knowledge of the disease. About 80.8% of the respondents have not been tested for Hepatitis B infection while 70% has not been vaccinated. The cost of testing for HBV infection and vaccination was identified as a major factor that prevented many of the patients from identifying their HBV status as well as getting vaccinated as about 80% of the respondents have not been tested due to high cost of testing while 84.2% have not been vaccinated due to high cost of the vaccine. Conclusion: There should be universal health education to sickle cell anemia patients on the need for Hepatitis B virus infection test and vaccination as well as a health insurance scheme that will cover the cost of Hepatitis B virus testing and vaccination for patients.

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Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV Infections among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Serosurvey for HIV, Hepatitis B, and C Viruses Among Apparently Healthy Students of Federal Polytechnic Idah and its Environs

Serosurvey for HIV, Hepatitis B, and C Viruses Among Apparently Healthy Students of Federal Polytechnic Idah and its Environs

Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among livestock merchants and slaughterhouse workers in Ibadan, Nigeria

Knowledge and Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Testing and Vaccination Status among Sickle cell Disease Patients

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