Prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in Kermanshah, Iran: 2017

Etemad, Koorosh; Sharhani, Asaad; Higgs, Peter; Gheibipour, Hamid

doi:10.1080/14659891.2020.1725161

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the present study, people who did not receive ART treatment had lower survival than those who received treatment, which was consistent with the results of other studies [ 51 – 53 ]. Many studies have also reported a significant positive association between HIV transmission through injecting drug use and death, which is in line with the present study [ 54 , 55 ]. In the present study, in line with Rubaihayo’s study [ 50 ], people with lower levels of education were more at risk of death.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The estimation of long and short term survival time and associated factors of HIV patients using mixture cure rate models

Ghobadi,

Roshanaei,

Poorolajal

et al. 2023

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Background HIV is one of the deadliest epidemics and one of the most critical global public health issues. Some are susceptible to die among people living with HIV and some survive longer. The aim of the present study is to use mixture cure models to estimate factors affecting short- and long-term survival of HIV patients. Methods The total sample size was 2170 HIV-infected people referred to the disease counseling centers in Kermanshah Province, in the west of Iran, from 1998 to 2019. A Semiparametric PH mixture cure model and a mixture cure frailty model were fitted to the data. Also, a comparison between these two models was performed. Results Based on the results of the mixture cure frailty model, antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis infection, history of imprisonment, and mode of HIV transmission influenced short-term survival time (p-value < 0.05). On the other hand, prison history, antiretroviral therapy, mode of HIV transmission, age, marital status, gender, and education were significantly associated with long-term survival (p-value < 0.05). The concordance criteria (K-index) value for the mixture cure frailty model was 0.65 whereas for the semiparametric PH mixture cure model was 0.62. Conclusion This study showed that the frailty mixture cure models is more suitable in the situation where the studied population consisted of two groups, susceptible and non-susceptible to the event of death. The people with a prison history, who received ART treatment, and contracted HIV through injection drug users survive longer. Health professionals should pay more attention to these findings in HIV prevention and treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The estimation of long and short term survival time and associated factors of HIV patients using mixture cure rate models

Ghobadi,

Roshanaei,

Poorolajal

et al. 2023

BMC Med Res Methodol

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“…Specifically for HIV, the presence of multiple exposure routes poses an issue for proper and adequate targeting of prevention and treatment. There is significant overlap between different key populations, where some PWID are sex workers, buy/trade drugs for sex, or are men who have sex with men (MSM) and who engage in drug-injecting practices and unprotected sex [29,42,47].…”

Section: High and Overlapping Risk Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolving HIV Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Scoping Review

Karbasi¹,

Fordjuoh²,

Abbas³

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is severely understudied despite the region’s increase in new HIV infections since 2010. A key population that is particularly affected, due to the lack of adequate knowledge and proper interventional implementation, includes people who inject drugs (PWID). Furthermore, the paucity of HIV data (prevalence and trends) worsens an already critical situation in this region. A scoping review was conducted to address the scarcity of information and to synthesize the available data on HIV prevalence rates within the key population of PWID throughout the MENA region. Information was sourced from major public health databases and world health reports. Of the 1864 articles screened, 40 studies discussed the various factors contributing to the under-reporting of HIV data in the MENA region among PWID. High and overlapping risk behaviors were cited as the most prevalent reason why HIV trends were incomprehensible and hard to characterize among PWID, followed by lack of service utilization, lack of intervention-based programs, cultural norms, lack of advanced HIV surveillance systems, and protracted humanitarian emergencies. Overall, the lack of reported information limits any adequate response to the growing and unknown HIV trends throughout the region.

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“…At the 2016 summit, the UN member countries and Iran pledged, based on the previous announcements, to accelerate the fight against AIDS through shortcuts to end the epidemic by 2030. These fast-track routes were divided into ten sections, the first of which was identifying patients and ensuring the access of HIV-infected people to treatment based on 90, 90, 90 strategies by 2020 [6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, implementing a fast and safe way without stigma and discrimination to identify cases in highrisk groups can help end the HIV epidemic in the ten quick ways [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of feasibility and acceptability of using HIV self-tests in high-risk Iranian populations (FSWs, MSM, and TGs): a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the HIV self-test in high-risk Iranian groups (MSM, FSWs, and TGs). Methods This study was a mixed study designed as a quantitative–qualitative study conducted between October 1, 2020, and June 22, 2021, in Tehran and Karaj, Iran. The sample size needed for this study generally was 1000 people, including FSWs, MSM, and transgender individuals. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to collect the samples. Results A total of 930 eligible respondents were enrolled in the study, of whom 456 (49%) were female and 49 (5.3%) were transgender (98% of TGs were male to female), and their mean age was 33.63 years (10.54 SD). The feasibility of using HIV self-tests in Iranian high-risk groups was significantly high. The majority of participants (97%) did not have any confidentiality problems while preparing or performing the test. In general, feasibility was assessed based on five questions. The overall feasibility score was 6.33 (0.824 SD). Taking tests, reading HIV test results, finding a safe place to do the test, and accessing HIV self-tests showed a high average. Conclusion HIV self-testing was highly acceptable and feasible among high-risk populations, so routine HIV testing was efficiently possible.

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Prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in Kermanshah, Iran: 2017

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

The estimation of long and short term survival time and associated factors of HIV patients using mixture cure rate models

The estimation of long and short term survival time and associated factors of HIV patients using mixture cure rate models

An Evolving HIV Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Scoping Review

The study of feasibility and acceptability of using HIV self-tests in high-risk Iranian populations (FSWs, MSM, and TGs): a cross-sectional study

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