Prevalence of hookworm infections among stray dogs and molecular identification of hookworm species for the first time in Bangladesh

Singh, Rahul Pratap; Roy, Babul Chandra; Begum, Nurjahan; Talukder, Hasanuzzaman

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100719

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Contaminated soils with canine feces are significant sources of diseases for humans, animals, and the community at large 12 . Dogs and cats are the most prevalent domestic animals in Bangladesh, and they frequently roam www.nature.com/scientificreports/ freely and defecate in public places 3 . Additionally, the moist soils in these regions enhance the development and survival of infectious stage larvae, aggravating hookworms spread.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It showed that several areas, especially less developed urban areas had a high prevalence of hookworm infections. According to a recent small-scale assessment conducted in three regions of Bangladesh, dogs were observed as a reservoir for hookworm infections, with an overall prevalence of 79.1% found in feces 3 . Climatic conditions like humidity, temperature, and rainfall greatly influence the epidemiology of hookworms 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most infections with these nematodes remain asymptomatic by the host, high worm loads, especially in children and pregnant women, may cause severe complications such as anemia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dietary deficiencies, and delayed physical and cognitive development 4 , 5 . Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised peoples are more susceptible to hookworms infection 3 . Human acquires infection via infective larvae that can penetrate intact skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular evidence of hookworms in public environment of Bangladesh

Nath

Eom

Choe

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Accurate diagnosis by precise identification of causative agents is essential for the effectiveness of any control interventions. Despite high zoonotic potential, available literature on hookworms in Bangladesh is still scarce and nonspecific. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of hookworms in public locations across northeastern Bangladesh (Sylhet metropolitan area) using integrated parasitological and molecular assays. A total of 130 samples (80 soil and 50 environmental canine feces) were collected and examined using modified flotation technique and formalin-ether sedimentation methods. Modified plate culture was used to isolate larvae. The identification was made based on morphometric features and confirmed by amplifying the ITS region of the nuclear rDNA. Overall, 66.2% (86/130) of examined samples were positive for hookworms infection. Characteristic eggs (61–68 × 29–37 μm) and/or larvae of hookworms were observed in 73.8% (59/80) soils and 54.0% (27/50) environmental fecal samples. Rhabditiform larvae (0.48–0.54 × 0.04–0.07 mm) were observed in cultured samples. Genetic analysis of rDNA sequences revealed the presence of Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma ceylanicum. In this study, hookworms' contamination of the public environment was substantial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular proof of A. caninum and A. ceylanicum observed in urban public environment in Bangladesh.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular evidence of hookworms in public environment of Bangladesh

Nath

Eom

Choe

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The same principle has also been adopted for the identification of human hookworms (Inpankaew et al 2014a, b). PCR protocols that amplify sections of the aforementioned gene region that are specific to hookworm species have also been developed and used in studies performed in China and Bangladesh (Fu et al 2019;Liu et al 2015;Singh et al 2022). Moreover, molecular identification of hookworms has also been performed via PCR and subsequent sequencing of the Ancylostoma spp.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other zoonotic canine hookworms: neglected public and animal health risks in the Asia–Pacific region

Tenorio,

Tabios,

Inpankaew

et al. 2024

Animal Diseases

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Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem, causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually. More than one-fifth of these cases are attributed to Ancylostoma ceylanicum, an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region. This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, control, prevention and elimination of A. ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats. A. ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hookworm in the region; it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections. Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A. ceylanicum has three possible transmission dynamics: zoonotic, animal-only, and human-only pathways. The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques (e.g., Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques) that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identification in helminth surveys. The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), including hookworms, is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration (MDA). Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A. caninum but have not been found in A. ceylanicum in the field. A. ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region. The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occurrence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci. The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored. Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region, the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can undermine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.

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Prevalence of hookworm infections among stray dogs and molecular identification of hookworm species for the first time in Bangladesh

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular evidence of hookworms in public environment of Bangladesh

Molecular evidence of hookworms in public environment of Bangladesh

Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other zoonotic canine hookworms: neglected public and animal health risks in the Asia–Pacific region

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