Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Africa and Other Developing Countries between 2005 and 2016: A Potential Emerging Viral Pathogen for Diarrhea

Abstract

Background Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus discovered in 2005 from individuals suffering gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections. Numerous studies related to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HBoV have been conducted worldwide. This review reports on HBoV studies in individuals with acute gastroenteritis, with and without respiratory tract infections in Africa between 2005 and 2016. Material and Method The search engines of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase database for published articles of HBoV were used to obtain data between 2005 and 2016. The search words included were as follows: studies performed in Africa or/other developing countries or/worldwide; studies for the detection of HBoV in patients with/without diarrhea and respiratory tract infection; studies using standardized laboratory techniques for detection. Results The search yielded a total of 756 publications with 70 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies included children and individuals of all age groups. HBoV prevalence in Africa was 13% in individuals suffering gastroenteritis with/without respiratory tract infection. Conclusion Reports suggest that HBoV infections are increasingly being recognized worldwide. Therefore, surveillance of individuals suffering from infections in Africa is required to monitor the prevalence of HBoV and help understand the role of HBoV in individuals suffering from gastroenteritis with/without respiratory tract infection.

Human Bocavirus Prevalence In Children With Acute Gastroenteritis From Rural Communities In The Northen Region Of South Africa

“…Several studies have reported Human Bocavirus in children with respiratory tract infections in South Africa (7)(8)(9). However, no data is available on the prevalence of HBoV in children with AGE from rural communities suggesting that cases from these rural areas are most likely to be under investigated and underreported (11). This study, for the first time investigated the prevalence of HBoV in children with AGE from rural communities in South Africa.…”

“…Some studies have shown the prevalence of Human Bocavirus in river water (22,23) and wastewater samples (24)(25)(26). Even though the role of HBoV in gastrointestinal infections still remains to be not fully understood, the risk of infection via contaminated water should be taken into consideration since many rural communities still face challenges of poor sanitation and hygiene practices (11). All 8 HBoV positive cases used a pit latrine at home.…”

Algorithms for the management of acute infectious diarrhea

“…Wśród wirusów najczęstsze są rotawirusy grupy A, B lub C, które są przyczyną ok. 70% ostrych biegunek u dzieci, ponadto norowirusy i sapowirusy oraz inne kaliciwirusy, a także astrowirusy, adenowirusy, enterowirusy i kobowirusy [2,3]. Ostatnio opisano także w Afryce ostre zachorowania spowodowane bokawirusem należącym do parwowirusów [4]. Według amerykańskiej agendy Centra Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorób (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -CDC) ostra biegunka o etiologii wirusowej w krajach biedniejszych, rozwijających się powoduje ponad 200 000 zgonów dzieci na świecie, głównie z powodu braku dostępu do odpowiedniego nawadniania [5].…”

Changing pattern of genotypic circulation of human bocavirus variants associated with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: A 5‐year retrospective study

“…Human bocavirus (HBoV) has frequently been detected in fecal samples of children with acute gastroenteritis suggesting its important role in the disease . In our previous study, we have described the genetic diversity and genotype associated severity of HBoV in acute gastroenteritis .…”

“…Human bocavirus (HBoV) has frequently been detected in fecal samples of children with acute gastroenteritis suggesting its important role in the disease. 1,2 In our previous study, we have described the genetic diversity and genotype associated severity of HBoV in acute gastroenteritis. 3 The present study aims at understanding the epidemiology and changing pattern of HBoV circulation among acute gastroenteritis cases in Pune, Western India, over a study period of 5 years (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011).…”