Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical cancer in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract

IntroductionCervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological malignancy and the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Several epidemiological, clinical and molecular studies have strongly implicated oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus infection in the aetiopathogenesis of cervical cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine the cervical HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in cervical cancer in Maiduguri, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a descriptive and retrospective study. Sixty-three archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with confirmed diagnoses of cervical cancer during the study period (2013-2015) were retrieved and examined. The procedure included deparaffinization of tissue samples, DNA extraction, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and HPV genotyping by reverse hybridization line probe assay.ResultsSixty-three cervical cancer cases were subjected to genomic DNA extraction and HPV-DNA detection by PCR. Fifty-eight samples showed PCR positivity while 5 samples were PCR negative. HPV-specific DNA was detected in 44 of the 58 PCR-positive samples and thus the prevalence was 69.8%. Ten different high-risk HPV genotypes were detected. Both single and multiple high-risk HPV infections were observed. The most prevalent type of the human papillomavirus detected was HPV16.ConclusionHPV-DNA was prevalent in majority of the examined cervical cancer tissues and that HPV16, HPV18, HPV45, HPV51 and HPV52 were the predominant HPVs detected in both single and multiple HPV infections. The results of this study and further studies will provide more detailed information about HPV and may contribute significantly to the prevention of cervical cancer through primary high-risk HPV testing and HPV vaccination against the oncogenic viruses.

Synchronicity of P53 Mutation and Multiple High-Risk HPV Genotypes, and the Risk of Cervical Cancer among Women in Osogbo, Nigeria

“…All the same, the most predominant HPV genotype in the present study, HPV31, is in concordance with the outcome of Neto et al [35]. Again, in Maiduguri, a Muslim dominated city in northern Nigeria, Kabir et al [36] reported 69.8% prevalence rate of HPV using DNA detection method. Also, a robust review study of several low-resource countries by Nweke et al [37] shows that sub-Saharan African has high prevalence rates of HPV infection predominated with three high-risk genotypes, HPV-16, 18, and 45, two of which were also detected in the present study.…”

Cancer in Africa: Is It a Genetic or Environmental Health Problem?

“…carcinoma of the cervix uteri is among the most preventable malignancies worldwide ( 40 ), however it remains the first leading cause of cancer deaths in African women [( 2 ), Figure 3 ] . Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are the most common etiological factors for the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in Africa ( 42 ). The reported prevalence rate of HPV was 97.0% in Malawi ( 43 ), 92.1% in South Africa ( 44 ), 90.7% in Ibadan Nigeria ( 45 ), and 69.8% in Maiduguri and Nigeria ( 42 ).…”

“…Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are the most common etiological factors for the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in Africa ( 42 ). The reported prevalence rate of HPV was 97.0% in Malawi ( 43 ), 92.1% in South Africa ( 44 ), 90.7% in Ibadan Nigeria ( 45 ), and 69.8% in Maiduguri and Nigeria ( 42 ). In fact, the HPV infection is usually cleared in the immunocompetent women ( 46 ).…”

Respective prevalence of high‐risk HPVgenotypes in cervical neoplasia in Senegal

“…Genomic polymorphism studies of these latter strains might be helpful to better understand the mechanism of no‐persistence or elimination of HPV52 in Senegalese women 27 . Another characteristic of our population is the 38.6% rate of multi‐infection that we observed, a proportion higher than that found in other series which varied from 4% to 20%–30% depending on the clinical stages 5,28–31 . An association between multi‐infection and poor outcome of invasive cancer was reported in Brazil 29 and association of multiples infection and HIV infection was clearly identified in several studies 32,33,18 …”