Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), distribution of HPV types, and risk factors for infection in HPV-positive women

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), the distribution of different HPV types, and the putative risk factors for infection among HPV-positive women from the State of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. We analyzed data from 515 patients attending public and private health centers. HPV DNA from cervical samples was extracted and HPV genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction using MY09/11 consensus primers followed by direct sequencing. The chi-squared test for independence was used to assess statistical differences between the HPV groups. HPV DNA was found in 111 (21.55%) cervical samples. Twenty genotypes were detected: HPV6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 35, 39, 52, 53, 54, 58, 61, 62, 66, 70, 72, 81, 82, 83, and 84. In addition, multiple sexual partners (P = 0.002) and the use of oral contraceptives (P = 0.015) were associated with the presence of HPV. These findings may be relevant to the design of screening and vaccination strategies targeting specific groups of women in Northeast Brazil.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical lesions in Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil: high frequency of a possibly carcinogenic type

“…Other studies in Brazil showed a prevalence of 42.4% for HPV 16 found in HSIL, 63.1% of cases of CIN3 and, in the rest of world, the prevalence of HPV 16 found in HSIL was around 45% [29, 36, 37]. In the agreement, other studies in Northeastern Brazil have also found HPV 16 to be the most prevalent HPV type in women with cervical lesions [14, 31–34]. In contrast to our data, another study carried out in the Northeast region of Brazil found the HPV 31 to be the most prevalent among women with normal and abnormal cytological outcomes [30].…”

“…In Northeastern Brazil, a number of papers have been published on HPV prevalence and type distribution among women with cytological and/or histological alterations [14, 30–35]. However, to the best of our knowledge, HPV prevalence among women with cervical lesions in the state of Sergipe, located in this region, has never been assessed.…”

“…In other regions of Brazil, HPV 58, 31, 33 and 56 were the second most prevalent HPV types among women with cervical abnormalities [5, 37, 44–47]. In the Northeast region, HPV 58, 31, 74, 18 and 16 were the second most prevalent HPV types in abnormal cervical samples [14, 30–35]. Therefore, based on our observations, the state of Sergipe is the only state in Brazil that presented HPV 66 as the second most prevalent HPV type in women with cervical alterations.…”

“…We also used other references to compare the results, including studies with general women population. Based on all these references, the HPV prevalence varied from 18% to 34.2%, which gave us a mean prevalence of 25% [14–16]. Therefore, for this population, it was estimated a sample size of 352 women.…”

Trichomonas vaginalis as a risk factor for human papillomavirus: a study with women undergoing cervical cancer screening in a northeast region of Brazil

“…Individuals who do not use condoms are at higher risk of infection and reinfection by HPV and other STIs, which also contribute to cervical lesions progression [ 33 , 34 ], probably leading to the chronic local inflammatory process and intensified immune system stimulation [ 12 , 19 , 35 ]. In contrast, the constant use of condoms is associated with a lower risk of HPV infection and regression of cervical lesions rates, as it allows the immune system to act and repair the damaged tissue, preventing the progression of the lesion.…”