Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection among blood donors in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 20 years

Chen, Xue; Liu, Fang; Fu, Xuemei; Feng, Yi; Zhang, Dingding; Liu, Humin; Xi, Guangxiang; Hu, Jinliang

doi:10.1080/17474086.2019.1632703

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A systematic review revealed that HTLV-1/2 prevalence in the coastal areas of China, and especially in Fujian province, is higher, compared to the low average HTLV-1/2 prevalence in the mainland (Chen et al, 2019). However, it is notable that in some provinces close to the high-endemic areas of China, including Hunan, Jiangsu and Guangxi, the prevalence is relatively high, probably due to large-scale population migration in these regions in recent years (Chen et al, 2019). Accordingly, HTLV-1/2 may have spread from the coastal areas to the mainland, resulting in increased opportunities for virus transmission and infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategy for Screening and Confirmation of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Low-Endemic Areas

Chang

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Serological tests have been widely used for detecting human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibodies in the endemic areas, but their performance in low-risk populations is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of four HTLV-1/2 screening assays and to discuss a strategy for diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection in a non-endemic area. At the present study, 1546 specimens repeatedly reactive (RR) by one screening ELISA were collected from blood centers/banks from January 2016 to April 2019. Avioq-ELISA, Murex-ELISA, Roche-ECLIA and Fujirebio-CLIA were independently performed on each plasma sample and compared to WB and LIA confirmatory tests. Positive or indeterminate specimens with blood available were quantified by qPCR. The results showed that 48 samples were finally confirmed as HTLV-1 positive, 13 were HTLV positive, 151 were indeterminate, and 387 were negative. All the WB-positive samples were also LIA-positive. Roche-ECLIA showed the highest sensitivity that was able to detect 91.8% positives and combined with the Murex-ELISA would significantly increase the positive detection rate (98.4%). In addition, LIA yield more indeterminate and HTLV-untyped results than WB (152 vs. 27), but was able to resolve infection status of some individuals with an indeterminate WB. Besides, 3 WB indeterminate and 1 LIA-untyped samples were confirmed as HTLV-1 positive by qPCR. Based on these findings, we put forward a proper test strategy for HTLV-1/2 diagnosis in low-prevalence areas. If possible, the Roche-ECLIA with the highest sensitivity is suggested as a second screening assay in primary labs. If not, all RR specimens are recommended to be firstly retested by Roche-ECLIA and Murex-ELISA in the reference lab. Secondly, samples reactive to any one of the two tests were quantified by qPCR, and then the NAT-negatives were furtherly submitted to LIA for confirmation. Thereby, the cost can be reduced and the diagnostic accuracy would be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategy for Screening and Confirmation of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Low-Endemic Areas

Chang

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…infected people may reach .1% of the population (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). HTLV-2 usually colocalizes with HTLV-1 and has been reported to show a higher prevalence among intravenous drug users (11,19) and in indigenous populations from the Americas (20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Genetic Constructs for Production of Recombinant HTLV-1/2 Antigens and Evaluation of Their Reactivity to Plasma Samples from HTLV-1-Infected Patients

et al. 2021

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HTLV-1 can cause life-threatening diseases for which there are no effective treatments. Prevention of HTLV-1 infection requires massive testing of pregnant women, blood for transfusion and, organs for transplantation as well as safe sex. In this context, serological assays are widely used for monitoring HTLV-1 infections. Despite the necessity of recombinant antigens to compose serological tests, there is little information available on procedures to produce recombinant HTLV1/2 antigens for serological diagnostic purposes. In this work, we tested a series of genetic constructions to select those more amenable for production in bacterial systems. To overcome the constraints to express sections of viral envelope proteins in bacteria, we have used the p24 segment of the gag protein as a scaffold to display the immunogenic regions of gp46 and gp21. Nine recombinant antigenic proteins derived from HTLV-1 and five derived from HTLV-2 were successfully purified. The HTLV-1 antigens showed high efficiency in discriminating HTLV-positive from HTLV-negative samples using ELISA. Interestingly, HTLV-1-positive samples showed a high level of cross-reaction with HTLV-2 antigens. This finding is explained by the high sequence conservation between the structural proteins of these two highly related viruses. In summary, the results presented in this work provide a detailed description of the methods used to produce recombinant HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 antigens and demonstrate that the HTLV-1 antigens show strong potential for serological diagnosis of HTLV1 infections.

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Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus infection among blood donors in China: a first nationwide survey

Chang

Shan

et al. 2021

Retrovirology

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Background So far, the prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 and 2 in some highly populated countries such as China is still unknown. In this study, a multi-center nationwide serological survey was designed and performed, to reveal the seroprevalence of HTLV infection among Chinese blood donors. Results Among 8,411,469 blood donors from 155 blood establishments, 435 were finally confirmed as HTLV carriers. The prevalence of HTLV infection in China varied in different provinces: Fujian had the highest prevalence of 36.240/100,000 (95% CI 31.990–41.050) and eleven provinces did not find HTLV-seropositive donors in the three years. no HTLV-2 infection was found. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 in China decreased from 2016 to 2018. Female was identified as an independent risk factor of HTLV infection in China. Besides, seroconversion was observed in two of seven seroindeterminate donors 85 and 250 days after their last donation, respectively. Conclusions The seroprevalence of HTLV infection in most areas of China among blood donors is quite low, but it varies significantly in different geographic areas. Screening anti-HTLV-1/2 antibody and follow-up of serointederminate donors are essential to ensure blood safety especially in areas where we have found HTLV infected donors.

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Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection among blood donors in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 20 years

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

A Strategy for Screening and Confirmation of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Low-Endemic Areas

A Strategy for Screening and Confirmation of HTLV-1/2 Infections in Low-Endemic Areas

Novel Genetic Constructs for Production of Recombinant HTLV-1/2 Antigens and Evaluation of Their Reactivity to Plasma Samples from HTLV-1-Infected Patients

Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus infection among blood donors in China: a first nationwide survey

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