Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among adult residents in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for mortality and it is also one of the major risk factors for other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 on the estimated sample size of 3,368 adults at Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance site (HDSS). Data were collected using the WHO STEPS survey tools. Bivariate analysis was done to detect candidate variables at P-value less than 0.25 and entered into the final model to identify the independent predictors of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 18.92% (95% CI: 17.63–20.28). The magnitude increase among respondents in the older age group [AOR 1.39 (95%CI: 1.05–1.84), 1.68 (95% CI: 1.26–2.23) and 2.67 (95%CI: 2.01–3.56) for age group 35–44, 45–54 and 55–64, respectively, compared to 25–34 years old group] and those with the higher wealth index [AOR 1.86 (95%CI: 1.33–2.59), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.91–3.75) and 2.97 (95%CI: 2.08–4.25) for 3 rd quantile, 4 th quantile and 5 th quantile, respectively, compared to 1 st quantile]. The odds of hypertension reduce among married participants (AOR 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51–0.85). Respondents with overweight (AOR 1.44, 95%CI: 1.02–2.02), khat chewing (AOR3.31, 95%CI: 1.94–5.64), low fruit and/or vegetable consumption (AOR 1.27, 95%CI: 1.05–1.53) and those who do not use coffee and tea (AOR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.03–2.24) had significantly higher likelihood of hypertension. Nearly one out of five participants have hypertension in this population. As hypertension is one of the silent killers, it is advisable to develop a system for enabling early detection and monitoring in the older age groups and overweight individuals.

Behavioral and Sociodemographic Determinants of Hypertension and Its Burden among Bank Employees in Metropolitan Cities of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

“…Moreover, the present study also claimed that participants who consumed fruits daily were less likely to have hypertension. is is similar to previous studies [11,12]. It is also further supported by interventional studies that claim that fruit consumption is effective in lowering BP through increasing the antioxidants that are responsible for the reduction of free radicals [34,35].…”

“…In the last few years, the lifestyle of the Ethiopian population is changing due to urbanization and demographic transition [10]. As a result, risky health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, sugar intake, and fatty meal commotion) are being increased and predispose the population to various noncommunicable diseases including hypertension [3,11,12].…”

“…Studies have also revealed various factors associated with hypertension positively and negatively. ese include older age [15,19], male sex [14,15,20], overweight/obesity [16,19], physical activity [13,19], smoking and alcohol use [14], and dietary patterns [11,12].…”

Prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In this subcategorical analysis, 20 studies were included for the assessment of age as a risk factor for hypertension. 20,22,[24][25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33]37,38,[42][43][44][49][50][51][52] P Association of sex with hypertension F I G U R E Forest plot of odds ratio for the association of male sex with hypertension.…”

Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors in Lubumbashi City, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…Contrary to certain authors [ 13 , 29 ], the subjects who declared that they did not regularly consume vegetables had developed significantly more hypertension than those who consumed them (aOR = 1.35 [1.02–1.80]; p =0.038). A recent Ethiopian study found that increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables reduced the likelihood of hypertension among study participants [ 44 ]. Likewise, meta-analysis reports have shown that increasing fruit and vegetable consumption prevents the risk of developing hypertension [ 45 , 46 ].…”