Prevalence of hypertension in an area of urban Varanasi, India and its association with selected demographic factors

Shankar

International Journal of Hypertension

2017

364

235

Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Objectives. (1) To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and (2) to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects. Methods and Materials. A community based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi. A modified WHO STEPS interview schedule on 640 study subjects aged 25–64 years was used. Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9% (male: 40.9%, female: 26.0%). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were 124.25 ± 15.05 mmHg and 83.45 ± 9.49 mmHg, respectively. Higher odds of being hypertensive were found in male subjects, eldest age group, married subjects, subjects of upper socioeconomic status, illiterate subjects, and retired subjects. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were also associated with hypertension. Out of the total hypertensive 211 subjects, only 81 (38.4%) were aware about their hypertension status; out of those, 57 (70.4%) were seeking treatment and 20 (35.08%) had their blood pressure adequately controlled. Conclusion. Around one-third of the subjects were hypertensive and half of the study subjects were prehypertensive in this area. The awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure were also very low.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi

Shankar

International Journal of Hypertension

2017

364

235

“…The rate of orthodox anti-hypertensive drug adherence was 59.6% and this corresponds to patients who never defaulted taking their drugs per day. This result was similar to 60% in [6, 9, and 17] and 64.4% in [11,12,15] It was however higher than 33.3% in [11,15], and lower than in a Parkistani population-77% [10,14]. We also observed that age, self-rated health and self-employment were signi cantly associated with drug adherence; in line with [5, 11, and 17] the most frequently used herbs in managing hypertension were "fugheghe" (72.2%), "funya" (88.9%) and "fungie" (77.8%), which were botanically identi ed as Sida pilosa Retz.…”

Section: Cost Of Managing Hypertension Using Traditional Medicinesupporting

confidence: 86%

Leveraging African traditional medicines to achieve universal health coverage in the management of hypertension in Cameroon: A discrete choice policy analysis.

Yongabi,

Mbakwa,

Okechukwu-Ezike

et al. 2023

Preprint

Background: Hypertension is a global disease affecting one billion people and is the common risk factor for death throughout the world. Hypertension is a major risk factor and one of the leading causes of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) such as Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), stroke, heart failure and death. Patients make catastrophic out-of-pocket payments to manage this condition conventionally. In Africa some patients still visit traditional healers even after consulting with medical personnel and are apparently willing to pay out of pocket for Traditional Medicine (TM). This is done without the knowledge of health personnel, with the risk of incurring adverse drug-herb interactions. The aim of this study is to compare the costs of orthodox medicine and TM in the management of hypertension. Methods: Questionnaire interviews of 122 participants, 104 hypertensive patients and 18 tradipractitioners were conducted to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. Cost analysis between orthodox and TM treatment of hypertension was performed. Data was expressed in frequencies and percentages, used to determine significance. Results: 1. We found that the cost of orthodox treatment of hypertension was almost two times higher than that of TM. 2. Age, self-rated health and self-employment positively influenced antihypertensive drug adherence. 3. Plants used by tradipractitioners had bioactive substances to counter hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension treatment is less costly with TM than with orthodox treatment. TM can be a good alternative in managing hypertension.

“…As much as 19.6% and 8.7% subjects were in stage 1 and stage 2 Hypertension. Presence of Hypertension increased significantly (p<0.001) with advancing age 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Study to Determine Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in Urban Population of Bhopal (Mp) India

Rajat

Bhide

2019

IJMBS

Background: Hypertension is an acute public health problem both in developed and in developing countries, like India. It remains silent, being generally asymptomatic during its clinical course. As it is hidden beneath an outwardly asymptomatic appearance, the disease does immense harm to the body in the form of 'Target Organ' damage; hence, the WHO has named it the 'Silent Killer'1. Job related psychosocial stress and sedentary life styles may directly and indirectly contribute to development of hypertension2. With urbanization, the problem of hypertension is growing rapidly to epidemic levels in the developing countries. This invisible epidemic is an underappreciated cause of poverty and hinders the economic development of many countries3. Assessing the association of risk factors with Hypertension in the community is equivalent to assessing the submerged portion of the iceberg which is so much more obscure. Objective: To carry out an Observational study amongst civil population of Bhopal to successfully determine the risk factors associated with Hypertension. Materials and Methods: 375 randomly selected individuals were subjected to check of blood pressure with two readings being taken by two different examiners at an interval of 15 minutes. Subsequently 157 individuals found Hypertensive were further screened for risk factors for Hypertension by measuring height, weight, BMI, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum HDL, random blood sugar levels, physical activity, smoking status & alcohol consumption. Results: Out of 375 individuals screened, 157 individuals were found to be having high blood pressure. About 15.4% were found to be obese with BMI > 23Kg/m2, 22% had hypercholesterolemia, 5.4% had IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance), 19.2% were current smokers and 3.4% were alcohol consumers. Higher age, BMI (Body Mass Index), high serum triglycerides, low serum HDL, IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance) and lack of exercising were found to be independently associated with Hypertension in multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our findings recommend the constant monitoring of risk factors for Hypertension and the formulation of effective preventive strategies for adequate control of its alarming incidence. Keywords: Hypertension, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Body Mass Index, High Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Heart Disease.