Prevalence of hypertension in renal diseases in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for renal disease. Therefore, this study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran through meta-analysis. Methods: The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I 2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA ver 11. Results: In 35 reviewed studies with a sample of 39,621 subjects, the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients was 35% (95% CI: 29%–41%) (25% in women and 18% in men). The prevalence of systolic hypertension in renal patients was 5%, diastolic hypertension 26%, and diabetes 23%. The prevalence of hypertension in hemodialysis patients was 34%, 27% in peritoneal dialysis, 43% in kidney transplantation, and 26% in chronic renal failure. In addition, meta-regression showed that the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients did not significantly decrease during the years 1988–2017. Conclusions: More than a third of kidney patients in Iran suffer from high blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure of these patients is about five times higher than their systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the age group under 30 is a high-risk group. The prevalence of hypertension in women with kidney disease is higher than in men. In addition, patients who have kidney transplants are more likely to have high blood pressure than other kidney patients.

Association between chronic kidney disease and the most common corneal ectasia disease (keratoconus): a nationwide cohort study

“…We assessed the risk of CKD associated with these comorbidities in our study population of male patients 12 years and older and found that only hypertension was an independent risk factor for CKD. This finding is consistent with some previous studies that identified hypertension as a main risk factor for CKD [ 7 , 8 , 35 ]. Hypertension is a growing non-communicable disease and an important leading cause of CKD [ 7 , 35 ].…”

“…This finding is consistent with some previous studies that identified hypertension as a main risk factor for CKD [ 7 , 8 , 35 ]. Hypertension is a growing non-communicable disease and an important leading cause of CKD [ 7 , 35 ]. Hypertension accelerates the decline of renal function regardless of aetiology [ 8 ].…”

“…Some studies have reported several comorbidities associated with CKD, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidaemia [ 7 , 8 , 35 ]. We assessed the risk of CKD associated with these comorbidities in our study population of male patients 12 years and older and found that only hypertension was an independent risk factor for CKD.…”

Clinical Pharmacists in Chronic Care

“…According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2014, more than 20% of people with serious hypertension suffered from chronic kidney disease and were at risk for ESRD. On the other hand, hypertension is present in over 90% of individuals with advanced kidney disease [327], [330]. In all developed countries and in many developing countries, diabetes and hypertension are considered as the main cause of CKD.…”

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran: Methodological issues on reporting

“…We read with great interest the review article “Prevalence of Hypertension in Renal Diseases in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” by Motedayen et al ., published in Int J Prev Med 2019. [ 1 ]…”