Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its related risk factors in healthy adults from Northern and Northeastern Chinese provinces

Abstract

BackgroundHyperuricemia (HUA) is a potential risk factor for developing insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of HUA and associated risk factors in the population of two provinces in northern China.MethodsBased on the research of Chinese Physiological Constant and Health Conditions conducted in 2008–2010, we enrolled 29,639 subjects in a randomized, stratified study in four sampling areas in Heilongjiang Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. We collected 13,140 serum samples to determine biochemical indicators including uric acid(UA), glucose, blood lipids, liver function, and renal function, and finally a representative sample of 8439 aged 18 years and older was determined. We also defined and stratified HUA, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and lipid abnormalities according to international guidelines.ResultsThere were significant differences in the UA levels between different genders and regions. The total prevalence of HUA is 13.7%. Men had a higher prevalence of HUA than women (21% vs. 7.9%; P < 0.0001). As age increased, HUA prevalence decreased in men but rose in women. The suburbs of big cities had the highest HUA prevalence (18.7%), and in high-prevalence areas the proportion of women with HUA also increased. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to filter out twelve HUA risk factors, including age, gender, residence, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, obesity, abdominal obesity, CKD, drinking and sleeping. After adjusting for these factors, the odds ratio of HUA was 1.92 times higher in men than in women. Compared with agricultural and pastoral areas, the odds ratio of having HUA was 2.14 for participants in the suburbs of big cities and 1.57 in the center of big cities.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HUA is high in northern China. The differences in HUA prevalence by geographic region suggested that unbalanced economic development and health education, therefore HUA prevention measures should be strengthened to improve quality of life and reduce health care costs.

Hyperuricemia in Early Pregnancy A Marker for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Amongst the background variables examined, only age seemed to be associated with an increase in serum uric acid levels and the development of GDM. This finding is in keeping with previous studies that have reported increasing prevalence of GDM, hyperuricemia and serum uric acid levels with age amongst women (Qiu, et al 2013, Carolan, et al, 2012. Although there were some indications that subjects on a solely vegetarian diet are likely to have lower uric acid levels than those on other diets, sub-group analyses have found this effect to be nonsignificant (Tsai, et al, 2012), and this is reflected in our findings too.…”

Effects of Combined Enalapril and Folic Acid Therapy on the Serum Uric Acid Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-controlled Clinical Trial

“…This effect appears to be dose-related, with the greatest difference observed in the high-FA group (0.8 mg). These findings may help to address the clinical and epidemiological need to develop a new regimen to simultaneously treat hypertension and reduce the risk of HUA, given that hypertension and HUA often co-exist and their prevalence is increasing worldwide, including in developing countries, such as China (23,24).…”

Prevalence and Metabolic Factors of Hyperuricemia in an Elderly Agricultural and Fishing Population in Taiwan

“…11,[21][22][23] The mechanism underlying the slightly lower prevalence of hyperuricemia in males aged ≥85 than in those aged 75-84 years remains unclear; nevertheless, in females, the increase in hyperuricemia prevalence with increasing age may be explained by postmenopausal changes in the endocrine system and estrogen levels. 22 Consistent with other studies, 21,22,25 we observed a positive association between hyperuricemia and metabolic disorders in our Chinese population. Epidemiological studies have also reported an association between hyperuricemia and metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.…”

“…The prevalence of hyperuricemia among different screened populations seems to vary between countries. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This disparity is likely due to differences among various populations with regard to participant characteristics (e.g., age, socioeconomic status, and abnormal associated factors), study period, and different diagnostic definitions for elevated serum uric acid levels. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in our study population (30.4%) was higher than that reported in previous population-based studies conducted in general Chinese populations.…”

“…The prevalence of hyperuricemia in our study population (30.4%) was higher than that reported in previous population-based studies conducted in general Chinese populations. 11,16,[20][21][22]25 The agricultural and fishing population endures strenuous working conditions, job stress, and reversed working and resting times compared to those of the general population. 5 Irregular lifestyles and carelessness regarding personal health are also major problems in this population.…”