Prevalence of Hypoglycaemia in Newborn at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Neonatal hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic abnormality in neonates and is associated with neurological damage and death when it occurs during the first few days of life. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in the newborn and the associated maternal/neonatal risk factors. Setting and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted at the labour room and the Special Care Baby Unit of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, between July 2017-March 2018. Results: Of the 168 neonates, 140 (83.3%) were delivered in the hospital and 28 (16.7%) were delivered outside the hospital. Hypoglycaemia was found in 19 (11.0%) of the neonates. The mean (standard deviation) of gestational age was 37.8 (3.0) weeks. 91 (54.2%) were males and 77 (45.8%) were females. Male to female ratio is 1.2:1. A significantly higher proportion of 9 (32.1%) out born compared with 10 (7.1%) of inborn, 4 (44.4%) of birth < 1500 g compared with 5 (22.7%) birth weight 1500 g -2499 g and 10 (7.3%) of birth weight ≥ 2500 g and 7 (22.6%) of babies with temperature ≤ 36.5˚C compared with 7 (6.3%) of temperature 36.5˚C -37.5˚C and 5 (19.2%) of temperature > 37.5˚C, demonstrated hypoglycaemia respectively. Neonatal risk factors, such as, prematurity, low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome, were significantly associated with hypoglycaemia p-value of 0.02, 0.01 and 0.00 respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between maternal risk factors and hypoglycaemia. The common presenting symptoms were jitteriness, cyanosis, tachypnoea, hypotonia, apnoea, temperature instability, seizure and lethargy. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypoglycaemia was 11.0% in the present

Determinants of neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates admitted at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study

“…In comparison to studies done in Uganda (2.2%), 18 India (9.4%), 25 Iraq (16.25%), 26 Côte d’Ivoire (15.9%), 27 and Nigeria (11.0%), 28 our study’s overall magnitude of neonatal hypoglycemia is greater. In our investigation, a cross-sectional study was undertaken, whereas a community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Uganda 18 which may be a reason for this disparity.…”

“…31 In congruent with a prior study done in a university teaching hospital in Nigeria, preterm neonates were more likely to present with hypoglycemia when compared to term neonates. 28 Due to a lack of metabolic reserves and their inability to produce new glucose using gluconeogenesis pathways, neonates are extremely susceptible to hypoglycemia because they lack well-developed compensatory mechanisms to combat it. 32 To prevent the fatal consequences of hypoglycemia on their developing brain and other organs, neonates should be given enough calories and warmth.…”

Magnitude of Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Its Associated Factors Among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Hawassa City Public Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2023

“…In contrast, the magnitude of neonatal hypoglycemia was higher than the study conducted in USA(3.2%) (20), India(8.2%) (21), Nigeria (11%) (22), and Madagascar (3.1%) (23). The possible reasons may be, because our study includes infants of diabetic mothers, neonates born from hypertensive mothers, and newborns with severe congenital malformation which were excluded in the above study areas.…”

“…Neonates with hypothermia were four times more likely to have hypoglycemia than non-hypothermic. Various evidence show that hypothermia is one of the major risk factor for hypoglycemia (11, 22, 24, 26). In a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia, Hiwot Fana Hospital and St. Paulo’s Hospital the odds of developing risk of hypoglycemia in hypothermic neonates were three and two respectively (11, 12).…”

Diazoxide use for neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in a low-resource setting: A Case Report

“…Neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH) is a common condition among hospitalized newborns, with the prevalence rates ranging from 11.0 to 32.7% in Nigerian newborns. [1,2] Globally, there is no consensus on the definition of NH. In fact, within the United States of America, divergent views exist between the guidelines of the American Association of Paediatrics (AAP) and the Paediatric Endocrinology Society (PES) on the definition and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia, within and beyond the first 48 hours of life.…”