Objective: We asked whether women self-reporting the recommended consumption of vitamin D from milk and multivitamins would be less likely to have low wintertime 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted at least 42 young women each month (age 18 -35 y, 796 women total) through one year. We measured serum 25(OH)D and administered a lifestyle and diet questionnaire. Results: Over the whole year, prevalence of low 25(OH)D ( < 40 nmol=l) was higher in non-white, non-black subjects (25.6% of 82 women) than in the white women (14.8% of 702 white women, P < 0.