Prevalence of <i>Toxocara</i> spp. eggs in soil of public areas in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Maleki, Bahman; Khorshidi, Ali; Gorgipour, Mohammad; Mirzapour, Aliyar; Majidiani, Hamidreza; Foroutan, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2017.06.001

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…8). Despite of equal records of Toxocara/Toxascaris infection from rural and urban areas, seroprevalence was partly elevated in urban regions rather than rural territories, resulting from the likely heterogeneity among studies and/or lack of sufficient records; care must be taken in interpreting such result as rural areas are naturally considered as higher risk areas than urban [9,11,17,20]. Toxocariasis due to several species of Toxocara and/or Toxascaris roundworms is still a seriously notifiable public health issue, particularly due to its intricate transmission routes [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing latitude would likely result in decreased mean temperature and more temperate climates than the equator area. Water vaporization and condensation in northern parts of the country due to the vicinity to the Caspian Sea and high mountain ranges and humid weather substantially implicate in Toxocara/ Toxascaris larval development, as proved in the laboratory [17,20]. The survey of the infection in carnivores is usually made via traditional parasitological methods (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that 16% (95% CI: 11-21%; 470 out of 3031 samples) of soil samples gathered from public parks of the Iran were positive for Toxocara spp. eggs [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

et al. 2020

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Background: Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic disease caused by species of Toxocara and Toxascaris, common in dogs and cats. Herein, a meta-analysis was contrived to assess the prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in carnivore and human hosts in different regions of Iran from April 1969 to June 2019. Methods: The available online articles of English (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Ovid) and Persian (SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Iran Doc) databases and also the articles that presented in held parasitology congresses of Iran were involved. Results: The weighted prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.0-31.0%) and 32.6% (95% CI: 22.6-43.4%), respectively. Also, pooled prevalence in jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was 23.3% (95% CI: 7.7-43.2%) and 69.4% (95% CI: 60.3-77.8%), correspondingly. Weighted mean prevalence of human cases with overall 28 records was 9.3% (95% CI: 6.3-13.1%). The weighted prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina was represented as 13.8% (95% CI: 9.8-18.3%), 28.5% (95% CI: 20-37.7%) and 14.3% (95% CI: 8.1-22.0%), respectively. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results illustrate a considerable prevalence rate of Toxocara/Toxascaris, particularly in cats and dogs of northern parts of Iran. The presence of suitable animal hosts, optimum climate and close contact of humans and animals would have been the reason for higher seroprevalence rates of human cases in our region. Given the significance clinical outcomes of human Toxocara/Toxascaris, necessary measures should be taken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

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“…Meta-analysis procedure was performed as previously described. 24,26,61 Briefly, prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of toxoplasmosis were extracted from each included paper. Then forest plot was drawn to illustrate the meta-analysis outcomes.…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling up the pieces of a puzzle: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran

Foroutan

Dalvand

Daryani

et al. 2018

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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a b s t r a c tToxoplasmosis is a neglected parasitic disease with global distribution in warm-blooded vertebrates and high prevalence among different human societies. We contrived a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran. Following the general methodology recommended for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, four English and three Persian electronic databases were explored up to April 2016. Out of 105,139 examined samples of different hosts, the weighted overall prevalence was 37% (95% CI = 31-43). Due to the significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 81.9%) the random-effects model was used. The pool estimated prevalence of toxoplasmosis in human intermediate hosts, animal intermediate hosts, and definitive hosts was 43% (95% CI = 38-47), 26 (95% CI = 17-35) and, 34% (95% CI = 22-46), respectively. Our results represent that regular inspection in food industries, improved screening programs using standard diagnostic assay as well as distinguishing toxoplasmosis condition in other zoonotic hosts are extremely recommended for better disease management in Iran. Ó 2017 Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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“…In addition, human can be infected by the ingestion undercooked infected meat of paratenic hosts such as chickens, pigs, and ruminants. 3 Concerning the completion of the life cycle, the human is the aberrant host. The infective larvae hatch after the ingestion of the embryonated eggs, but the juvenile stages fail to develop to mature adult worms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Soil Contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in Different Areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Shirvani

Abdizadeh

Naeini

et al. 2019

Int J Epidemiol Res

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Background and aims: Toxocariasis caused by the larvae of Toxocara spp. is a zoonotic infection with global distribution that is considered an important health problem in the humans. The soil is regarded as the main source of the transmission of Toxocara infection to susceptible hosts. This study investigated the existence of Toxocara spp. ova in rural and urban public areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: A total of 180 soil samples were randomly collected from 74 public places from urban and rural areas of nine counties of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during May to September, 2017. The samples were examined for Toxocara spp. eggs by the modified sucrose flotation method. Results: The contamination rate of the soil samples with Toxocara spp. ova varied within 0%-18.1% in different counties. Overall, 9 (5%) out of 180 examined soil samples were found positive for Toxocara spp. ova. Of nine investigated districts, Toxocara spp. ova were observed in four counties and the highest rate of soil contamination was found in Farsan county with 18.1%. Finally, the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs was more in the rural areas (6.7%) compared to the urban ones (3.3%). Conclusion: This study was the first investigation regarding the contamination of Toxocara spp. eggs in the soil of public places in rural and urban areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. According to the results, the rate of soil contamination in this region was lower compared with the other parts of Iran. Therefore, a further study is required to determine factors that may be involved in the distribution of Toxocara spp. in different areas of this province.

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Prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil of public areas in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Rolling up the pieces of a puzzle: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran

The Study of Soil Contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in Different Areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

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