Prevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Evaluation of a Rapid MEDsan IgG Test in Children Seeking Medical Care

Posfay‐Barbe, Klara M.; Andrey, Diego O.; Virzi, Julien; Cohen, Patrick; Pigny, Fiona; Gonçalves, Ana Rita; Pinösch, Selina; Lacroix, Laurence; Stringhini, Silvia; Kaiser, Laurent; Vuilleumier, Nicolas; L'Huillier, Arnaud G

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1702

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The overall seroprevalence among children in our study was higher than expected compared to international reports and compared to seroprevalence studies in health care workers and blood donors in Belgium, including samples collected in the same region [1][2][3][8][9][10][11][12]. For example, 4.5% (95% CI: 0.2%-21.5%) seropositivity was found in residual samples of 0-to 10-year olds and 7.2% (95% CI 1.1%-21.6%) in 10-to 20-year olds in the province Limburg [10].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Age-dependent seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in school-aged children from areas with low and high community transmission

Boey

Roelants

Merckx

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundIt is not yet clear to what extent SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children reflect community transmission, nor whether infection rates differ between primary schoolchildren and young teenagers.MethodsA cross-sectional serosurvey compared the SARS-CoV2 attack-rate in a sample of 362 children recruited from September 21 to October 6, 2020 in primary (ages 6-12) or lower secondary school (ages 12-15) in a municipality with low community transmission (Pelt) to a municipality with high community transmission (Alken) in Belgium. Children were equally distributed over grades and regions. Blood samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsWe found anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 4.4% of children in the low transmission region and in 14.4% of children in the high transmission region. None of the primary schoolchildren were seropositive in the low transmission region, whereas the seroprevalence among primary and secondary schoolchildren did not differ significantly in the high transmission region. None of the seropositive children suffered from severe disease. Children who were in contact with a confirmed case (RR: 3.8; 95%CI: 1.7 – 8.3), who participated in extracurricular activities (RR: 5.6; 95%CI: 1.2 – 25.3) or whose caregiver is a healthcare worker who had contact with COVID-19 patients (RR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.0 – 4.6), were at higher risk of seropositivity.ConclusionIf SARS-CoV2 circulation in the community is high, this will be reflected in the pediatric population with similar infection rates in children aged 6-12 years and 12-15 years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Age-dependent seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in school-aged children from areas with low and high community transmission

Boey

Roelants

Merckx

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Younger children may have been more adherent to social distancing than adolescents with more autonomy, have been deprived of typical school-based contact networks, may have atypical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection (such as gastrointestinal illness) with resultant undertesting or underrecognition ( 7 ), or may have had COVID-19 misidentified as a non–COVID-19 respiratory infection ( 8 ). It has been suggested that only about 1% of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection are identified through clinical testing ( 32 ), and seroprevalence studies have found little difference in reported symptom history between seropositive and seronegative children ( 33 ), in contrast to adults ( 34 ). As such, surveillance data that do not include testing of asymptomatic children may result in misleading estimates of prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Case Age Distribution: Correction for Differential Testing by Age

et al. 2021

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“… 67 Possible etiologies that enhance the innate immune response and humoral activity constitute a) the decreased expression of the ACE2 receptor in the upper respiratory epithelium of younger children and b) the antibody cross‐reactivity with other common cold CoVs, in which older children are more frequently exposed to. 67 …”

Section: Humoral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there is an increase in IgG specific B‐cell rates in children with SARS‐CoV‐2, indicating a rapid and effective humoral immune response 65,66 . In a seroprevalence pediatric study ( n = 208), children aged 10–16 years have 2–3 times higher positive antibody titers than children under 10 years old 67 . Possible etiologies that enhance the innate immune response and humoral activity constitute a) the decreased expression of the ACE2 receptor in the upper respiratory epithelium of younger children and b) the antibody cross‐reactivity with other common cold CoVs, in which older children are more frequently exposed to 67 …”

Section: Humoral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in children: A review of the current knowledge

Filippatos

Tatsi

Michos

2021

Pediatric Investigation

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Host immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), especially in children, are still under investigation. Children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) constitute a significant study group of immune responses as they rarely present with severe clinical manifestations, require hospitalization, or develop complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The deciphering of children’s immune responses during COVID‐19 infection will provide information about the protective mechanisms, while new potential targets for future therapies are likely to be revealed. Despite the limited immunological studies in children with COVID‐19, this review compares data between adults and children in terms of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2, discusses the possible reasons why children are mostly asymptomatic, and highlights unanswered or unclear immunological issues. Current evidence suggests that the activity of innate immunity seems to be crucial to the early phases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and adaptive memory immunity is vital to prevent reinfection.

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Prevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Evaluation of a Rapid MEDsan IgG Test in Children Seeking Medical Care

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Age-dependent seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in school-aged children from areas with low and high community transmission

Age-dependent seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in school-aged children from areas with low and high community transmission

COVID-19 Case Age Distribution: Correction for Differential Testing by Age

Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in children: A review of the current knowledge

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