Prevalence of insulin resistance in metabolic disorders: the Bruneck Study.

Bonora, Enzo; Kiechl, Stefan; Willeit, Johann; Oberhollenzer, Friedrich; Egger, Georg; Targher, Giovanni; Alberiche, Maria; Bonadonna, Riccardo C.; Muggeo, Michele

doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.10.1643

Cited by 755 publications

(527 citation statements)

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“…27 Indeed, published data on children and adults have shown that all elements of the metabolic syndrome deteriorate with increasing obesity independently of sex, age and maturation status. 27,28 On the same issue, the decrease in the prevalence of overweight and obese girls at TP 4 Fdespite the overall sample increase in BMI and adiposity across timeFsuggests that children who are at the 'unhealthy' end of the BMI spectrum do not necessarily remain in the same category throughout adolescence. This positively surprising finding may be a recent development due to public awareness raised from publications showing that Greek children and adolescents demonstrate increased prevalence of obesity, 11,24 decreased physical activity levels 11,29 and, compared with their European and North American counterparts, low aerobic fitness levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal preventive-screening cutoffs for metabolic syndrome in adolescents

et al. 2008

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Objective: To detect metabolic risk factor cutoff points in adolescence for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome that develops at the age of 17 years (MS 17 ). Design: This study adopted a 6-year design incorporating four data collection time points (TPs). Volunteers were assessed prospectively at the ages of 12, 13, 14 and 17. Participants: A total of 210, 204, 198 and 187 schoolchildren volunteered at the first (TP 1 ¼ 12 years old), second (TP 2 ¼ 13 years old), third (TP 3 ¼ 14 years old) and fourth (TP 4 ¼ 17 years old) data collection TP, respectively. Measurements: At each data collection TP, anthropometrical, biological and lifestyle data were obtained. Identical protocols were used for each assessment conducted by the same trained investigators. Results: A total of 12% of the participants were diagnosed with MS 17 , the majority of them being boys (Po0.05). The prevalence of the syndrome increased directly with the degree of obesity. Using body mass index (BMI), adiposity and/or aerobic fitness levels in both genders, MS 17 could be correctly diagnosed as early as TP 1 . No such cutoff points were found for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose levels. Conclusion: With respect to the data presented, it has been established that the calculated longitudinal preventive-screening cutoffs allow successful diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents using BMI, adiposity or aerobic fitness levels in both sexes. Adoption of such pediatric guidelines may help mitigate future increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal preventive-screening cutoffs for metabolic syndrome in adolescents

et al. 2008

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“…It is known that there are considerable variations between individuals in the level of adiposity at which insulin resistance is exhibited; some relatively lean individuals are insulin resistant, whereas some very obese individuals are not (52) . Obese individuals who present as 'metabolically normal' are of considerable interest, with 16·6 % of obese adults categorised as metabolically healthy using relatively stringent criteria (53) .…”

Section: Statistical Considerations: the Reversal Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood obesity: the impact on long-term risk of metabolic and CVD is not necessarily inevitable

McMullen

2014

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population is estimated to be 35 %. These trends are reflected in childhood obesity prevalence, and the potential impact of early-onset obesity is of great concern. The aim of this review was to investigate the long-term implications of childhood obesity for metabolic and cardiovascular health, focusing on the independent contribution of childhood obesity to adult disease risk, as distinct from associations mediated by tracking of obesity across the lifespan. The data systematically reviewed provide little evidence to suggest that childhood overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular risk during adulthood. Instead, the data demonstrate that the relationships observed are dependent on tracking of BMI between childhood and adulthood, alongside persistence of dietary patterns and physical activity. Adjustment for adult BMI uncovers unexpected negative associations between childhood BMI and adult disease, suggesting a protective effect of childhood obesity at any given level of adult BMI. Further work is required to explain these findings, both in terms of pathways and statistical artefacts. To conclude, it must be stressed that it is not suggested that childhood obesity is without negative consequence. Childhood obesity is clearly associated with a range of adverse physical and psychological outcomes. However, the data are important in supporting a positive message that the long-term consequences of childhood obesity are avoidable; and that there remains opportunity for intervention across the lifespan. This nuance in understanding long-term risk is important when considering the effectiveness of interventions at different stages of the lifespan. Childhood: Obesity: Metabolic syndrome: Cardiovascular disease: Blood pressureThe worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population is currently estimated to be 35 %, rising to over 70 % in some population groups, with rates of obesity nearly doubling between 1980 and 2008 (1) . This is a global phenomenon, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in low-and middleincome countries on the rise, mirroring their transition to the obesogenic environments more commonly associated with 'Western' living. The relationship between obesity and risk of non-communicable disease in adulthood has long been established, with a wealth of evidence demonstrating the considerable impact of excess adiposity on the health and wellbeing of populations (2) . The trends in adult overweight and obesity are reflected in childhood obesity prevalence, and the potential impact of early-onset obesity is of great concern. It has been estimated that 200 million school-aged children were overweight or obese in 2010 worldwide, with a prevalence of >20 % in European states and >30 % in regions of North America (3) . In the UK, the 2007 Foresight report showed that about 8-10 % of girls and boys were obese in 2004, and this was projected to rise to an estimated 25 % by 2050 (4)...

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“…4 Grundy has suggested using hypertriglyceridaemia as a lead to identify the patients susceptible to insulin resistance. 5 Bonora et al 6 showed that the prevalence of insulin resistance increased two-fold to around 60% in hypertensive subjects combined with other components of the insulin resistance syndrome. About 30% of hypertensive patients were reported to have fasting triglyceride (TG) levels higher than 2.26 mmol/L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exacerbation of insulin resistance and postprandial triglyceride response in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridaemia

et al. 2002

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The purpose of the study is to examine the differences in insulin resistance and postprandial triglyceride (TG) response between hypertensive patients with or without hypertriglyceridaemia. The study is a comparative cohort study with matching. Thirty-one newly diagnosed hypertensive patients without any medication were recruited from a health survey. The participants were further divided into two groups: those with fasting TG Ͻ2.26 mmol/L, and those with TG between 2.26 and 5.65 mmol/L. Both groups were matched in age, sex, body mass index and waist circumference. Each patient received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, an insulin suppression test, and a 1000 kcal high fat mixed meal test. The hypertriglyceridaemic hypertensive patients had significantly higher fasting insulin, 2-h plasma glucose, 2-h insulin, and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) (13.16 ± 1.87 vs 9.76 ± 3.18 mmol/L). They also had a greater postprandial TG response to the challenge

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Prevalence of insulin resistance in metabolic disorders: the Bruneck Study.

Cited by 755 publications

References 0 publications

Longitudinal preventive-screening cutoffs for metabolic syndrome in adolescents

Longitudinal preventive-screening cutoffs for metabolic syndrome in adolescents

Childhood obesity: the impact on long-term risk of metabolic and CVD is not necessarily inevitable

Exacerbation of insulin resistance and postprandial triglyceride response in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridaemia

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