Prevalence of intellectual disability: a comprehensive study based on national registers

Westerinen, Hannu; Kaski, Markus; Virta, Lauri J.; Almqvist, Frederik; Iivanainen, Matti

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00970.x

Cited by 62 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, prevalence estimates show a high degree of variation around the expected value, ranging from 1-8% (134,150,166). This spread is far more obvious for mild ID (IQ 70-50) than for severe ID (IQ < 50).…”

Section: Definition and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 90%

Genetics of Early Onset Cognitive Impairment

Ropers

2010

Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.

317

284

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Intellectual disability (ID) is the leading socio-economic problem of health care, but compared to autism and schizophrenia, it has received very little public attention. Important risk factors for ID are malnutrition, cultural deprivation, poor health care, and parental consanguinity. In the Western world, fetal alcohol exposure is the most common preventable cause. Most severe forms of ID have genetic causes. Cytogenetically detectable and submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements account for approximately 25% of all cases. X-linked gene defects are responsible in 10-12% of males with ID; to date, 91 of these defects have been identified. In contrast, autosomal gene defects have been largely disregarded, but due to coordinated efforts and the advent of next-generation DNA sequencing, this is about to change. As shown for Fra(X) syndrome, this renewed focus on autosomal gene defects will pave the way for molecular diagnosis and prevention, shed more light on the pathogenesis of ID, and reveal new opportunities for therapy.

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Section: Definition and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 90%

Genetics of Early Onset Cognitive Impairment

Ropers

2010

Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.

317

284

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In developed countries, the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) and/or cognitive impairment (CI) 1 is estimated to be in the range of 1–3% (Einfeld et al. 2006) although the prevalence rate may differ according to the definition of ID used, and the method of locating cases (POMONA 2004; Whitaker 2004; Westerin et al. 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental illness and intellectual disability in Magistrates Courts in New South Wales, Australia

Vanny

Lévy

Greenberg

et al. 2009

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…A substantial literature has focused on the prevalence of these conditions, since prenatal incidence can rarely be detected (McDermott et al, 2007). Although there is an assumption of a normal distribution of intelligence in the population, there is evidence of variation in rates of MR across spatial domains as documented in national registries and small area analyses (Westerinen et al, 2007). The explanation for spatial variation has focused on economic and demographic characteristics of the women and children in these localities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are clusters of mental retardation correlated with clusters of developmental delay?

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Mental retardation (MR) is a subset of developmental delay (DD), a broader classification of childhood disability. The purpose of this study was to determine if clusters of these two conditions were statistically significantly correlated. The residential addresses of 81,935 Medicaid insured pregnant women during each month of pregnancy were used to identify clusters of MR and DD in their children. Correlations between MR and DD were computed based on the sets of P-value surface from selected centroid points, where the P-value for cumulative relative risk of MR and DD was known. The correlations are quite small for all the 10 gestational months for which maternal addresses were available, but they are all statistically significant. This indicates MR and DD are correlated, but they are not linear. When MR was used as the centroid point to identify a cluster the only correlations that were statistically significant were for gestational month 5 and 6 with correlation 0.14 (P = 0.007) for both months. When the centroid points were selected based on the significance of risk of DD, the correlations between MR and DD are not statistically significant for any month. Correlation between MR and DD based on the sets of P-value surfaces from 4 MR clusters are significant in gestational month 5, 6 and 7 with correlation 0.17 (P = 0.047), 0.16 (P = 0.060) and 0.17 (P = 0.044), respectively. Our finding suggests that locations of high risk for the more severe condition, MR, also identify a spatial area where less severe cases of DD might be present, however the reverse is not the case.

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Prevalence of intellectual disability: a comprehensive study based on national registers

Abstract: When several health and social benefit registers are surveyed, the estimated prevalence of ID increases, approaching that obtained in epidemiological surveys.

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Genetics of Early Onset Cognitive Impairment

Genetics of Early Onset Cognitive Impairment

Mental illness and intellectual disability in Magistrates Courts in New South Wales, Australia

Are clusters of mental retardation correlated with clusters of developmental delay?

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