Prevalence of Iodine deficiency disorder in a highland district in Tigray

Kidane, Teklay; Woldegebriel, Aregai

doi:10.4314/ejhd.v20i1.10013

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Similar result was reported by Abuye and Urga in their study conducted in four administrative regions of Ethiopia [15]. A study from Kidane and Woldegebriel [10] also showed a similar trend. Urinary iodide level is also similar with other studies [11,18] conducted earlier indicating that the observed level of goiter rate is surprisingly high.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in Burie and Womberma Districts, West Gojjam, Ethiopia

Kebede¹,

Ayana²,

Belay³

et al. 2015

EJNFS

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Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) affect millions of people in developing countries mainly due to dietary iodine deficiency and aggravating factors that affect the bioavailability of iodine in the body. Iodine deficiency disorder is one of the public health problems of Ethiopia. Recent findings show that both endemic and nonendemic areas have high goiter rates. Burie and Womberma districts are two of the endemic goiter areas in the country. The etiology of goiter in these areas is not fully studied so far. The objective of this cross-sectional community based study was to assess the magnitude and causes of goiter. The study was conducted in July 2010. The sample size was determined by assuming 50% prevalence of total goiter rate, 5% error, 95% confidence interval, design effect of 1(random) and 5% of non-response rate. A two-stagerandom sampling (sub-district and village) was used to select children aged 6-12 years and their biological mothers from10 randomly selected villages in each of the districts. Overall, 403 households participated in the study. The assessment was conducted using palpation of thyroid size, urinary iodine level determination, household level interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The study revealed a total goiter prevalence rate of 54% and 30.1% in children and their biological mothers, respectively. More than 64% of the children were severely iodine deficient. The major cause for goiter as revealed by urinary iodine level and concentration of iodized salt is dietary iodine deficiency. There are no goitrogenic foods such as cassava; however, goitrogenic chemicals such as Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were widely used. The study areas are known for surplus produce of cereals, legumes and chilli. In order to reverse the problem, immediate and sustainable distribution of iodated salt/oil capsule, prohibition of direct application of pesticides on foods and awareness creation on adverse effects of IDD and benefits of iodine nutrition is highly recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Multiple nutritional and environmental factors influence the prevalence and severity of iodine deficiency disorders in iodine deficient areas. Protein energy malnutrition and vitamin A, iron, and selenium deficiency and, variety of goitrogenic factors from food sources such as cassava and millet can aggravate iodine deficiency [9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in Burie and Womberma Districts, West Gojjam, Ethiopia

Kebede¹,

Ayana²,

Belay³

et al. 2015

EJNFS

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“…Four reports on the Amhara region targeted areas in Shoa zone [19], Bahir Dar town [29], Wombera and Burie districts [30], and Lay Armachiho district [31]. Benshangul Gumuz region (Metekel zone) [32] and Tigray region (Neksege subdistrict) [33] had each of a single independent report. Interestingly, studies on iodine contents at production, retailer and household levels was conducted nationally and regionally in Amhara, Tigray and Afar regions [5,17], but not elsewhere.…”

Section: Regional Studies Of Id In Ethiopia Are Incompletementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a regional study from 2012 by Girma et al [26] the median UIC of school children in Hawassa town (SNNP region) was 34.2 μg/L ranging from 1 to 177 μg/L. The distribution of urinary iodine showed that 18.9 % children had severe ID (<20 μg/L UIC), 63.2 % had moderate ID (20-49 μg/L UIC) and 16 % had mild ID • Population 2 [11,33] Iodine Sources 4 [5,11,17,20] Study regions b…”

Section: Id Prevalence In Ethiopian Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress and challenges in eliminating iodine deficiency in Ethiopia: a systematic review

Gebretsadikan

Troen

2016

BMC Nutr

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Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and their attendant effects on human development, perinatal mortality and intellectual dysfunction are a major nutrition and public health problem worldwide, with Ethiopia counted among the top iodine-deficient countries. Despite the passing of new legislation in 2011 under the National Nutrition Programme and subsequent increase in the availability of iodized salt, the eradication of IDD in Ethiopia remains a significant challenge. This paper critically reviews the recent published data on iodine-status in Ethiopia as a basis for formulating future research and policy initiatives. Methods: We performed a structural search for IDD studies in Ethiopia for all population groups published after the year 2000. Results: Twenty four studies reported national and regional data giving a national total goiter rate above 35.8 % in women, with rates close to 60 % in four regional states, and an estimated prevalence of IDD ranging from 0.4 to 66.3 % depending on region. The prevalence of goiter in children was 35 %, but was as high as 71 % in the South Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region. The problem persists despite the widespread availability of iodized salt. Conclusions: Eradicating IDD in Ethiopia will require concerted efforts including the close evaluation of intervention programs through regular, nation-wide monitoring of IDD and salt-iodization coverage. Salt iodization became mandatory in Ethiopia in 2011 and despite significant progress, the current level of eradicating IDD could be improved. Prospective and controlled intervention studies to evaluate biomarkers of thyroid function and cognitive outcomes will help to monitor and improve eradication efforts. Ascertaining and improving health and development in the most vulnerable populations of women and children is a priority that may be advanced through a greater investment in outreach and education.

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Nutritional Assessment of Ethiopian Beta-Israel Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Asres

Eidelman²

2011

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Prevalence of Iodine deficiency disorder in a highland district in Tigray

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in Burie and Womberma Districts, West Gojjam, Ethiopia

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in Burie and Womberma Districts, West Gojjam, Ethiopia

Progress and challenges in eliminating iodine deficiency in Ethiopia: a systematic review

Nutritional Assessment of Ethiopian Beta-Israel Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

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