Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women of District Mardan, Pakistan

Shams, Sulaiman; Ahmad, Zarmina; Wadood, Abdul

doi:10.4172/2376-127x.1000356

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Mean gestational age of our study cases was 29.21 ± 7.16 weeks and 198 (51.8 %) had gestational age up to 30 weeks. A study conducted by Shams et al 15 from Mardan has reported similar results. A study conducted in Thailand by Sukrat et al 16 has also reported similar results.…”

Section: Discussion;supporting

confidence: 60%

Iron Deficiency Anemia by Serum Ferritin Levels at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018

JMPB

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Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy is a common nutritional disorder with adverse effects for the baby, such as premature birth and low birth weight, and the mother, such as cardiovascular symptoms and reduced physical and mental strength. Objective; To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia by serum ferritin levels at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods; All the patients who meet inclusion criteria of this study were registered from Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Proper permission was taken from Institutional Ethical Committee to conduct this study. Examination was done including general physical examination. Venous blood sample (3 ml) was taken and sent to the Pathology Laboratory of the Hospital for serum ferritin levels estimation to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results; Our study comprised of a total of 382 patients meeting inclusion criteria of our study. Mean gestational age of our study cases was 29.21 ± 7.16 weeks and 198 (51.8 %) had gestational age up to 30 weeks. Mean age of our study cases was 26.77 ± 4.29 years (with minimum age of our study cases was 20 years while maximum age was 36 years). Our study results have indicated that majority of our study cases i.e. 298 (78.0 %) were aged up to 30 years. Of these 382 study cases, 156 (40.8 %) belonged to rural areas and 226 (59.2 %) belonged to urban areas. Monthly family income up to Rs. 25000 was noted in 213 (55.8%) while more than Rs. 25000 was noted in 169 (44.2%). Of these 382 study cases, 241 (63.1%) were illiterate and 141 (36.9%) were literate. Mean duration of marriage was 5.17 ± 2.41 years and 199 (52.1%) had duration of marriage more than 5 years. Mean body mass index of our study cases was 25.82 ± 2.44 kg/m 2 and obesity was present in 56 (14.7 %) of our study cases. Mean serum Ferritin level was 11.43 ± 3.98 mg/dl and iron deficiency anemia was noted in 213 (55.8%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Very high frequency of iron deficiency anemia was noted in our study among pregnant women. Iron Deficiency anemia was significantly associated with gestational age, age, residential status, low family income and duration of marriage. All the clinicians should screen these pregnant ladies for serum ferritin levels at the start of pregnancy and should counsel them for better awareness which will lead to proper management of iron deficiency anemia.

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Section: Discussion;supporting

confidence: 60%

Iron Deficiency Anemia by Serum Ferritin Levels at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018

JMPB

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“…We conducted interview in a safe, secure and confidential environment and then the biological tests result was recorded from the patient obstetric file. Anemia status of pregnant women was classified to mild (10.0 -10.9 g/dl), moderate (7.0 -9.9 g/dl) and severe (<7.0 g/dl) according to World Health Organization (WHO) [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]. Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was also used to determine the nutrition status of pregnant women which was categorized as acute malnutrition or wasting < 21 cm, moderate 21 -23 cm and normal > 23 cm [12].…”

Section: Data Collection Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a detailed category definition are available previously proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) [14]. According to World Health Organization (WHO) anemia during pregnancy have been classified as mild (10.0 -10.9 g/dl), moderate (7.0 -9.9 g/dl) and severe (<7.0 g/dl) based on the level of hemoglobin concentration in blood [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]. Anemia has a number of contributing factors including poor nutritional status, poor diet, poor antenatal care service, sociodemographics, genetic, abortions, infectious disease, frequent labor and multi-parity [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anemia has a number of contributing factors including poor nutritional status, poor diet, poor antenatal care service, sociodemographics, genetic, abortions, infectious disease, frequent labor and multi-parity [16]. However, iron deficiency is the cause of 75% of anemia cases [16]. Another leading cause of anemia is micro and macronutrients deficiency [18] [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another leading cause of anemia is micro and macronutrients deficiency [18] [19]. Insufficient intake and poor bioavailability of iron-rich foods also have significant contribution for the onset of anemia during pregnancy [16]. According to many studies, severity of anemia during pregnancy has been found responsible for poor maternal and fetal outcomes [20] [21] [22] [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care (ANC) at Fatima Hospital in Jashore, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ahmed¹,

Mamun²,

Mahmud³

et al. 2019

FNS

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Since anemia is one of the most skyrocketed public health problems worldwide, an investigation has thus been conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among the pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) at Fatima Hospital in Jashore, Bangladesh. Facility-based crosssectional study was carried out among 384 pregnant women at Fatima hospital, Bangladesh from February to April, 2019. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and participant's current medical record card. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with anemia and a P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significance. The overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 58.9% (226/384). Out of 226 anemic pregnant mothers, 36.3% (82/226) were mildly anemic, 62.4% (141/226) were moderately anemic and 1.3% (3/384) was severely anemic. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables were significantly associated with anemia: Monthly family income (11,000 -20,000 Taka) [AOR (95% CI) = 0.45 (0.21 -0.98)], Family size (joint) [AOR (95% CI) = 1.59 (1.03 -2.45)], Gestational age (third trimester) [AOR (95% CI) = 2.18 (1.40 -3.40)], birth spacing < 2 years [AOR (95% CI) = 2.87 (1.51 -5.44)], Excessive blood loss during previous surgery (Yes) [AOR (95% CI) = 2.08 (1.14 -4.17)], Food group eaten 24 hours (1 -4 groups) [AOR (95% CI) = 3.43 (1.84 -6.39)], Breakfast regularly (No) [AOR (95% CI) = 3.64 (1.36 -9.75)]. The results obtained showed that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is severe at Fatima Hospital in Jashore, Bangladesh.

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Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Azhar

Islam

Karim

2021

Prim Health Care Res Dev

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Background: Anemia has created attention worldwide because of its adverse effects on the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A large body of evidence has shown that pregnant women are the most vulnerable group to anemia. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia, and associated risk factors, among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at government and private hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 424 pregnant women, who visited hospitals for ANC from January to July 2019. We used a simple random sampling technique to select study subjects. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and participant’s current medical record cards. SPSS software was used for analyzing data. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 62.5% and significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the subjects attending ANC in government hospitals (68.7%) than in private (55.0%) hospitals. The prevalence of the severity of anemia was 28.3% mild, 36.9% moderate, and 3.40% severe in government hospitals while in private hospitals was 14.7% mild, 39.8% moderate, and 0.5% severe anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with maternal age 20–25 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.9] and 26–30 years (AOR = 2.37), monthly family income (300–500) US$ (AOR = 2.76), and ANC in government hospitals (AOR = 2.02), the parity [multiparous (AOR = 1.92)], gravidity [multigravid (AOR = 1.63)], contraception [no contraception (AOR = 2.50), and iron supplement [no iron supplement (AOR = 0.64). Conclusions: The result suggests that pregnant women should receive routine ANC and recognize iron supplementation during pregnancy. Finally, the results of this study are particularly relevant for pregnant women who are receiving ANC.

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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women of District Mardan, Pakistan

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Iron Deficiency Anemia by Serum Ferritin Levels at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Iron Deficiency Anemia by Serum Ferritin Levels at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care (ANC) at Fatima Hospital in Jashore, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

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