Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in inmates recently incarcerated in a men's prison in Barcelona

Marco, A; Solé, N.; Orcau, Àngels; Escribano, M.; Baño, L. del; Quintero, S.; Caylà, Joan A.

doi:10.5588/ijtld.11.0007

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…13,14 The higher prevalence in our sample, when viewed alongside other high-risk, BCG-vaccinated Malaysians, suggests that false-positives are not responsible for the high LTBI prevalence among prisoners. LTBI prevalence in prison settings elsewhere, in Spain (40.3%) 23 and Nigeria (54.2%), 24 is lower than our observed prevalence. These comparisons with Malaysian prisoners and among prisoners elsewhere suggest that uncharacterized factors are driving the exceedingly high LTBI prevalence among Malaysian prisoners.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of tuberculosis symptoms and latent tuberculous infection among prisoners in northeastern Malaysia

Margolis

Al-Darraji²,

Wickersham³

et al. 2013

int j tuberc lung dis

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SUMMARY SETTING There are currently no routine screening procedures for active tuberculosis (TB) or latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) in Malaysian prisons. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and correlates of LTBI and active TB symptoms among Malaysian prisoners with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the World Health Organization TB symptom-based screening instrument. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of 266 prisoners was performed in Kelantan, Malaysia. Consenting participants underwent two-step TST and were screened for active TB symptoms. Standardized cut-offs of respectively ≥5 and ≥10 mm were used to define reactive TST among prisoners with and without HIV. Clinical and behavioral data were assessed and HIV-infected prisoners were stratified by CD4 status. RESULTS Overall LTBI prevalence was 87.6%, with significantly lower TST reactivity among HIV-infected than non-HIV-infected prisoners (83.6% vs. 91.5%, P < 0.05); however, TB symptoms were similar (16.9% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.105). On multivariate analysis, previous incarceration (aOR 4.61, 95%CI 1.76–12.1) was the only significant correlate of LTBI. Increasing age (aOR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.13), lower body mass index (aOR 0.82, 95%CI 0.70–0.96) and TST-reactive status (aOR 3.46, 95%CI 1.20–9.97) were correlated with TB symptoms. CONCLUSION LTBI is highly prevalent, associated with previous incarceration, and suggests the need for routine TB screening on entry to Malaysian prisons.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of tuberculosis symptoms and latent tuberculous infection among prisoners in northeastern Malaysia

Margolis

Al-Darraji²,

Wickersham³

et al. 2013

int j tuberc lung dis

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“…The prevalence observed in this study (25.2%) was higher than those reported for prisons in countries such as the USA (17.0%), 24 Australia (14.0%), 25 and Italy (17.9%), 26 and in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20.8%) 13 . However, it was lower than those found in Spain (40.3%) 27 and Switzerland (46.9%), 28 and in other states in Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, and São Paulo; range, 30.9-61.5%) 29 31 These differences highlight the need for studying LTBI in different regions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“… 18 , 27 , 34 , 36 Therefore, it is important to detect LTBI in the HIV-infected population so that preventive measures can be taken, because HIV-infected individuals with LTBI have an 8.0-10.0% annual risk of developing active tuberculosis, as do users of inhaled illicit drugs with LTBI. In contrast, HIV-uninfected individuals with LTBI have a 10.0% lifetime risk of developing tuberculosis 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners

et al. 2016

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Objective:To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods:This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Results:A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Conclusions:Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system.

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“…Using different TST cut-offs and sampling method, TST screening among "contacts" of index TB cases with unknown HIV status in a Singaporean prison (a high-income Asia-Pacific country) showed higher prevalence of TST positivity compared to a contact screening in the community [23]. In other high-income countries, prison-based TB screening programs varied considerably, with highest LTBI prevalence in Spain (40.3% and 62%) [24,25] and Switzerland (46.9%) [26] and lowest in Italy (17.9%) [27] and the United States (17%) where HIV status was unknown [28]. The higher prevalence findings from Spain and Switzerland were partially explained by the high proportion of international migrants (foreign-born) from LMICs with high TB incidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent tuberculosis infection in a Malaysian prison: implications for a comprehensive integrated control program in prisons

2014

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BackgroundPrisons continue to fuel tuberculosis (TB) epidemics particularly in settings where access to TB screening and prevention services is limited. Malaysia is a middle-income country with a relatively high incarceration rate of 138 per 100,000 population. Despite national TB incidence rate remaining unchanged over the past ten years, data about TB in prisons and its contribution to the overall national rates does not exist. This survey was conducted to address the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) in Malaysia’s largest prison.MethodsFrom July to December 2010, all HIV-infected and a comparative group of HIV-uninfected prisoners housed separately in Kajang prison were asked to participate in the survey after explaining the study protocol. Subjects providing informed consent were interviewed using a structured questionnaire followed by the placement of tuberculin skin test (TST) with 2 TU of PPD RT-23 to subjects not being treated for active TB. TST was read after 48-72 hours and indurations of ≥ 5 mm and ≥ 10 mm were considered positive among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects, respectively. Additionally, HIV-infected inmates underwent phlebotomy for CD4 lymphocyte count assessment. A logistic regression model was explored to determine factors associated with TST positivity.ResultsOverall, 286 subjects (138 HIV-infected and 148 HIV-uninfected) had complete data and TST results. The majority were men (95.1%), less than 40 years old (median age 36.0, SD 7.87), and Malaysians (93.3%). Most (82.5%) had been previously incarcerated and more than half (53.1%) reported sharing needles just prior to their incarceration. TST was positive in 88.8% (84.7% among HIV-infected and 92.5% among HIV-uninfected subjects) and was independently associated with being HIV-uninfected (AOR = 2.97, p = 0.01) and with frequent previous incarcerations (AOR = 1.22 for every one previous incarceration, p = 0.01) after adjusting for other potential confounding factors.ConclusionsThe prevalence of LTBI was extraordinary high in this sample of Malaysian prisoners, regardless of their age or HIV status. This warrants further examination of the size of the problem of TB in other congregate settings and the establishment of an evidence-based TB control program in Malaysian prisons with integrated TB, HIV and substance abuse components.

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Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in inmates recently incarcerated in a men's prison in Barcelona

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of tuberculosis symptoms and latent tuberculous infection among prisoners in northeastern Malaysia

Prevalence of tuberculosis symptoms and latent tuberculous infection among prisoners in northeastern Malaysia

Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners

Latent tuberculosis infection in a Malaysian prison: implications for a comprehensive integrated control program in prisons

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