Prevalence of Long COVID-19 Symptoms After Hospital Discharge in Frail and Robust Patients

Damanti, Sarah; Cilla, Marta; Cilona, Maria; Fici, Aldo; Merolla, Aurora; Pacioni, Giacomo; Lorenzo, Rebecca De; Martinenghi, Sabina; Vitali, Giordano; Magnaghi, Cristiano; Fumagalli, Anna; Mazza, Mario Gennaro; Benedetti, Francesco; Tresoldi, Moreno; Querini, Patrizia Rovere

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.834887

Cited by 13 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…At the first follow up, females were by far more likely to experience persisting psychiatric and neurological symptoms following acute COVID-19, a finding in line with the open literature [ 7 , 8 , 33 ]. Moreover, females also had a significantly lower WAI at the second follow up.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In an online survey conducted from 6 September 2020 through 25 November 2020 on 3762 participants with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from 56 different countries, 203 different symptoms in 10 different organs lasting 28+ days were detected, 66 of which persisting over 7 months [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following a median time of 15 months since diagnosis, 75% patients returned to their baseline status preceding COVID-19, although 33.2% reported a degree of limitation of their working capacity. In the above online survey on 3762 participants with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from 56 countries, 1700 respondents (45.2%) had to reduce their work schedule after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a further 839 (22.3%) subjects were prevented from working due to post-COVID-19 conditions [ 33 ]. Likewise, in a study contrasting 109 post-COVID-19 patients against on 38 controls, those recovering from severe COVID-19 reportedly had poorer performance in tasks requiring high visual sensitivity and were affected by slower processing information speed, as a possible damage to visual or nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, since prevalence long-COVID is estimated to range from 13.3% among non-hospitalized vs. 71% hospitalized patients [ 6 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], the latter category has drawn most of the attention thus far for the impact and sequelae of the acute disease. However, there is still no clear evidence on the impact of long-COVID-19 on patients affected by mild/moderate disease [ 20 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], particularly in Italy, where research has mainly focused on elderly and children populations thus far [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of Symptoms 15 Months since COVID-19 Diagnosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Residual Work Ability

Sansone

Tassinari

Valentinotti³

et al. 2022

Life

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Background: A proportion of patients’ ailments may last after recovering from acute COVID-19, with episodic and systemic symptoms of unclear etiology potentially involving different organs. Study aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of symptoms 15 months since COVID-19 diagnosis in patients referring to the post-COVID-19 clinic in Trieste (north-eastern Italy). Methods: Two-hundred-forty-seven patients were medically examined between 8 December 2020–6 April 2021, after a median time of 49 days since first positive swab test for SARS-CoV-2. After a median time of 15 months since COVID-19 diagnosis, the same patients were contacted over the phone and investigated by standardized questionnaire collecting information on any persisting symptoms and work ability index (WAI). Four multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to investigate factors associated with persistence of any respiratory, neurological, dysautonomic, or psychiatric symptoms at first (median time 49 days since COVID-19 diagnosis) as well as second (median 15 months since COVID-19 diagnosis) follow up. A multiple linear regression was also employed to investigate factors associated with higher mean WAI, assessed only at second follow up. Additionally, factors associated with persistence of symptoms 200+ days since COVID-19 diagnosis between first and second follow-up were investigated by multivariable Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). Results: At first follow up (median time of 49 days since COVID-19 diagnosis) symptoms more frequently reported were fatigue (80.2%), shortness of breath (69.6%), concentration deficit (44.9%), headache (44.9%), myalgia (44.1%), arthralgia (43.3%), and anosmia (42.1%). At second follow-up (median time of 15 months since COVID-19 diagnosis) 75% patients returned to their baseline status preceding COVID-19. At first follow up males were less likely to experience neurological (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.08; 0.35) as well as psychiatric (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23; 0.80) symptoms as compared to females. At first follow up, the risk of neurological symptoms increased also linearly with age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01; 1.08) and pre-existing depression was a major risk factor for persisting dysautonomic (aOR = 6.35; 95% CI: 2.01; 20.11) as well as psychiatric symptoms (omitted estimate). Consistently, at second follow up only females experience psychiatric symptoms, whereas males exhibited significantly higher mean WAI (RC = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.11; 0.88). Additionally, neurological symptoms at second follow up were more likely in patients with pre-existing comorbidities (OR = 4.31; 95% CI: 1.27; 14.7). Finally, persistence of symptoms lasting 200+ days since COVID-19 diagnosis increased linearly with age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.05) and were more likely in patients affected by pre-existing depression (OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.60; 4.49). Conclusions: Following a median time of 15 months since first positive swab test, 75% patients with symptoms returned to their baseline health status preceding COVID-19. Females had a significantly lower WAI and were more likely to experience psychiatric symptoms at second follow up (15 months since COVID-19 diagnosis). Furthermore, the risk of symptoms persisting 200+ days since COVID-19 diagnosis increased with history of depression, endorsing the hypothesis that long-COVID-19 symptoms may be at least partially explained by pre-existing psychological conditions. Patient rehabilitation and psychological support may therefore play a key role in caring patients with the so called long COVID-19 syndrome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of Symptoms 15 Months since COVID-19 Diagnosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Residual Work Ability

Sansone

Tassinari

Valentinotti³

et al. 2022

Life

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“…Our longterm findings showed EuroQOL values almost aligned with those by others. Previous studies with a follow-up of 3 months or more indeed showed EuroQOL-index ranging from 0.61 to 0.86 [30,[34][35][36][37][38], and EuroQOL-VAS ranging from 65 to 80% [28,34,35,[38][39][40][41]. Ma et al [42] found that anxiety, depression, and pain or discomfort are the factors that most affect the long-term quality of life after COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical functioning and health-related quality of life after COVID-19: a long-term perspective case series

Ferrarello

Iacopino

Pierinelli

et al. 2022

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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The purpose of our study was to monitor the long-term changes in physical functioning and health-related quality of life in individuals who received outpatient rehabilitation after COVID-19. Individuals referred to outpatient rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 physical therapy were assessed before the treatment, at the end of the treatment, and 2 and 6 months after the end of the treatment. The physical functioning was assessed by Barthel Index, Timed Up and Go test, Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB), Patient-Specific Functioning Scale (PSFS), and EuroQOL 5D-3L. Friedman's test was utilized to assess changes in the assessments. The proportions of individuals showing variation in performance equal to or greater than the absolute minimal detectable change (MDC) value of the SPPB and PSFS were calculated. Forty-four cases were monitored for 7.3-15.6 months. At baseline, they showed substantial independence in activities of daily living, moderate mobility limitations, and below-average health-related quality of life. Their status significantly improved over time (Friedman's test P = 0.002 to <0.001); post hoc analysis confirmed the improvement of mobility and health-related quality of life at 6-month follow-up relative to the baseline. After accounting for MDC values, 55% meaningfully improved on SPPB and 45% on PSFS, although some worsened (11 and 5%, respectively) and the remaining showed no meaningful change. Despite good independence in activities of daily living and perceived health, individuals surviving the COVID-19 may not have fully recovered their premorbid functioning status seven to 15 months after the infection.

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Persistent clinical symptoms and their association with CM syndromes in post-COVID-19 rehabilitation patients in Hong Kong

Zhong,

Tian,

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Prevalence of Long COVID-19 Symptoms After Hospital Discharge in Frail and Robust Patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Persistence of Symptoms 15 Months since COVID-19 Diagnosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Residual Work Ability

Persistence of Symptoms 15 Months since COVID-19 Diagnosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Residual Work Ability

Physical functioning and health-related quality of life after COVID-19: a long-term perspective case series

Persistent clinical symptoms and their association with CM syndromes in post-COVID-19 rehabilitation patients in Hong Kong

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