Prevalence of low scores on language tests as a potential factor in misdiagnosis of cognitive impairment in a Spanish-speaking adult population

Olabarrieta‐Landa, Laiene; Usuga, Daniela Ramos; Rivera, Diego; Leal, Giselle; Bailey, K. Chase; Chagualá, Amilkar Calderón; Rábago, B; Esenarro, L; Mascialino, Guido; Arango‐Lasprilla, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1080/23279095.2019.1704409

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Finally, composite scores were created from the 24 Z-scores for the following domains: learning and memory [5 scores (ROCF Immediate Recall, ROCF Delayed Recall, HVLT-R Total Recall, HVLT-R Delayed Recall, and HVLT-R Recognition)], language [8 scores (Letters F, A, S, M, Animals, Fruits, Professions, and BNT Total)], attention and processing speed [6 scores (TMT A & B, Stroop Color, Stroop Word, SDMT, and BTA)], and executive functions [5 scores (M-WCST Categories, M-WCST Perseverations, M-WCST Total Errors, Stroop Word-Color, and Stroop Interference)] following the classification suggested by (Rivera et al, 2021;D Rivera et al, 2019b) and (Olabarrieta-Landa et al, 2022). Each composite score was created using Stouffer's Z method (Whitlock, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in individuals with multiple sclerosis in Mexico

Rivera

Usuga

Mendoza

et al. 2022

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in individuals with multiple sclerosis in Mexico

Rivera

Usuga

Mendoza

et al. 2022

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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“…The chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables. Raw scores were converted to percentiles (𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑖𝑖 ) using the normative data published for HVLT-R and ROCF by Rivera et al (2019), for M-WCST, SDMT, TMT, Stroop test by Rivera et al (2020) and BNT, VFT by Olabarrieta-Landa et al (2019). Percentiles (𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑖𝑖 ) were utilized to estimate the number of low scores (base rate low score) at various cut-off percentiles: below the 25 th , 16 th , 10 th , 5 th and 2 nd , in each cognitive domain (learning and memory, language and executive function; see Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Base Rates of Low Score on Neuropsychological Tests of Individuals with Coca Paste Use Disorder

Vergara-Moragues

Barreto

Rivera

et al. 2023

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low scores on eight commonly used neuropsychological tests to evaluate learning and memory, language, and executive functions in individuals with coca paste use disorders (CPUD) and to identify the differences with respect to a group of healthy nonconsuming subjects (HCs). Methods 162 Colombian adults with CPUD and a group of 162 Colombian adult HCs participated in this comparative study. Eight tests (eighteen test scores) were grouped into three categories: learning and memory, language, and executive functions. Each participant was categorized based on the number of low scoring tests in specific percentile cut-off groups (25th, 16th, 10th, 5th, and 2nd). Results In the learning and memory domain, 89.5% of individuals with CPUD and 55.6% of HCs scored below the 25th percentile on at least one of the five test scores, in the language domain, 80.7% of individuals with CPUD and 58% of HCs and in the executive function domain, 92% of individuals with CPUD and 67.3% of HCs. Having two or more scores below the 10th percentile or 10 or more at the 5th percentile shows an optimal cut-off for determining the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between the two groups. Conclusions The individuals with CPUD had a higher percentage of low scores than the HCs in the domains of learning and memory, language, and executive function. It is important for clinicians to be aware of low scores in individuals with CPUD to avoid false-positive diagnoses of cognitive impairment.

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“…While neuropsychologists understand the importance of controlling for pertinent factors such as age and education, other disciplines (i.e., neurology) may be apt to use raw score cutoffs. As the sociodemographic makeup of people living in the United States expands, the onus of responsibility for crossvalidating traditional cognitive measures to populations underrepresented in extant normative data often falls to clinical researchers to reduce risk of incorrect classification of cognitive impairment (Olabarrieta-Landa et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Comparison of Two Confrontation Naming Measures in Spanish-Speaking People with Epilepsy

Bailey

Zuverza-Chavarria

et al. 2021

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Research on the lateralizing value of neuropsychological tests is limited among Latino people with epilepsy (PWE). This study aims to evaluate the utility of two confrontation naming measures in laterality determination. Method: Data were collected from 71 Latino PWE who completed the Vocabulario Sobre Dibujos (VSD) and the Pontón-Satz Modified Boston Naming Test (MBNT). Raw and standardized scores were examined to determine diagnostic accuracy for predicting left hemisphere (LH) epilepsy for the full sample and using a sample-specific median split of educational attainment. Results: The MBNT demonstrated adequate classification accuracy (65.7%, 77.1%) as did the VSD (54.3%, 74.3%) for predicting LH seizure laterality using raw and standardized scores, respectively. For participants with ≥ 9 years of education (HEdu), receiver operator characteristic curve analyses showed a raw/percentile cutoff of ≤ 26/≤ 5th on the VSD, yielding 53%–58% sensitivity/87%–83% specificity. A raw score cutoff of ≤ 17 on MBNT produced 47% sensitivity/78% specificity for HEdu participants. Conclusions: The VSD was found to have greater flexibility in determining cutoff scores using either raw or standardized scores for predicting seizure laterality. This study provides interpretation guidance, emphasizing education as a pertinent variable, to optimize lateralization accuracy for Latino PWE.

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Prevalence of low scores on language tests as a potential factor in misdiagnosis of cognitive impairment in a Spanish-speaking adult population

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in individuals with multiple sclerosis in Mexico

Validation of the Norma Latina neuropsychological assessment battery in individuals with multiple sclerosis in Mexico

Multivariate Base Rates of Low Score on Neuropsychological Tests of Individuals with Coca Paste Use Disorder

Clinical Comparison of Two Confrontation Naming Measures in Spanish-Speaking People with Epilepsy

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