Prevalence of Lyme Borreliosis Spirochetes in Ixodid Ticks of Japan, with Special Reference to a New Potential Vector, Ixodes ovatus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Miyamoto, Kenji; Nakao, Minoru; Uchikawa, Kimito; Fujita, Hiromi

doi:10.1093/jmedent/29.2.216

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The principal tick vector of the Far-Eastern subtype of TBEV is Ixodes persulcatus [3,5,11], but in our previous study, Ixodes ovatus was shown to be the most probable vector species of TBEV in Hokuto City, Hokkaido [15]. I. ovatus is distributed extensively in Japan, including Shimane Prefecture, Honshu [12], and so it is possible that I. ovatus serves as the vector tick in Shimane and other regions of Hokkaido. Because I. ovatus has been reported to infest humans [17], it is important to know the significance of I. ovatus in the transmission of TBEV in these regions.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 72%

Epizootiological Study of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Japan

Yoshii

Mottate

Omori-Urabe

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent causing severe encephalitis in humans. Rodent species that are potential hosts for TBEV are widely distributed in various regions in Japan. In this study, we carried out large-scale epizootiological surveys in rodents from various areas of Japan. A total of 931 rodent and insectivore sera were collected from field surveys. Rodents seropositive for TBEV were found in Shimane Prefecture in Honshu and in several areas of Hokkaido Prefecture. These results emphasize the need for further epizootiological and epidemiological research of TBEV and preventive measures for emerging tick-borne encephalitis in Japan.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 72%

Epizootiological Study of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Japan

Yoshii

Mottate

Omori-Urabe

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…These findings may be of great importance because the range of I. ovatus extends into the densely populated main island of Honshu. 18,21 Discrepancies in the serologic survey results in the Oshima district were evident between horses (0 of 50) and dogs (16 of 21). This may be due to the intensive collection of dog sera in the area where the TBE patient was found, whereas horse sera were collected from other areas because no farms with horses were present in the area in which the patient with TBE was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from wild rodents and a seroepizootiologic survey in Hokkaido, Japan.

Takeda¹,

Ito²,

Osada³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To determine the vertebrate host of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in the southern part of Hokkaido, Japan, virus isolation was performed using spleens from small mammals captured in the area. Two virus strains were isolated, one strain from Apodemus speciosus and another from Clethrionomys rufocanus. Virus isolates were inoculated onto baby hamster kidney cell monolayers and antigen slides were prepared for an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. Two isolates were identified as TBE viruses by monoclonal antibody reactions. To specify the TBEendemic area in Hokkaido, rodent, horse, and dog sera collected from 1992 to 1997 were tested for neutralization antibody against TBE virus previously isolated from a dog. The positive cases were distributed in four districts in the southern part of Hokkaido.Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is one of the most important flaviviruses causing severe illness in humans. Two subtypes of TBE virus, the European subtype and the Far Eastern subtype have been distinguished based upon clinical features and antigenic and genetic characteristics.

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“…Most spirochete isolates classified as members of ribotype groups IV to VI were detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in various localities of northern Japan, and ribotype group IV isolates were the predominant isolates in human infections in Japan (12,27,33). It has been generally assumed that spirochetes are maintained in locations where Lyme disease is endemic by vector-reservoir transmission cycles involving ticks belonging to the Ixodes ricinus species complex (6,7,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phylogenetic Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Isolates Associated with Lyme Disease in Japan by Flagellin Gene Sequence Determination

Fukunaga¹,

Koreki²

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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We determined nearly complete flagellin gene sequences for Borrelia burgdogeri sensu lato isolates (11 isolates obtained from Ixodes persulcatus ticks and patients in Hokkaido, Japan, and 1 European isolate) representing six different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ribotype groups following cloning of the PCR-amplified genes. These sequences were aligned with those of representatives of the three Borrelia species associated with Lyme disease, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Clustal method. On the Lyme disease borrelia portion of the tree, the species were clearly delineated into three different phylogenetic groups, in complete agreement with the division of B. burgdogeri sensu lato into three species. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the representatives of FWLP ribotype groups IV, V, and VI clustered tightly with each other and belonged on the same branch as Borrelia garinii. We used the criteria that are currently used to delineate bacterial species and determined the levels of DNA relatedness for these Borrelia isolates. For the RFLP ribotype group IV, V, and VI isolates, the levels of DNA relatedness ranged from 79 to 88%, and the levels of relatedness to the reference strain of B. garinii ranged from 70 to 80%. The levels of DNA relatedness of the RFLP ribotype group IV, V, and VI isolates to the representatives of other species associated with Lyme disease ranged from 53 to 66%. All of these findings indicate that the RFLP ribotype group IV, V, and VI isolates should be included in the species B. garinii.The following three validly described Borrelia species are associated with Lyme disease: Borrelia burgdogen sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afielii (5,8,21). Although the distribution of B. burgdogeri sensu stricto is rather restricted in North America and Europe, B. garinii and B. afielii are widely distributed in all of the north temperate regions of the world except North America. It has been generally assumed that Ixodes ricinus species complex ticks are major vectors for transmitting infections to humans and that the spirochetes are maintained by vector-reservoir transmission cycles involving blood-sucking ticks and wildlife vertebrates (1,2,6,20).A large number of spirochete strains have been isolated from patients exhibiting erythema migrans, Ixodes persulcatus ticks, and reservoir rodents (Apodemus speciosus) in the northern part of Japan, where Lyme disease is endemic (4,12,14,22,26, 28, 30). Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ribotyping method, and a 16s rRNA gene-based PCR assay, we have demonstrated that these isolates exhibit considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity (12,14, 32, 33). No B. burgdoifen sensu stricto isolate has been found in the material examined so far in Japan. Some of the isolates were classified as B. garinii or B. afzelii strains by our typing methods, while the oth...

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Prevalence of Lyme Borreliosis Spirochetes in Ixodid Ticks of Japan, with Special Reference to a New Potential Vector, Ixodes ovatus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Epizootiological Study of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Japan

Epizootiological Study of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Japan

Isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from wild rodents and a seroepizootiologic survey in Hokkaido, Japan.

A Phylogenetic Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Isolates Associated with Lyme Disease in Japan by Flagellin Gene Sequence Determination

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