Prevalence of malaria, typhoid and co-infection in District DIR (lower), Pakistan

Qureshi, Asma W.; Khan, Zafar Hayat; Khan, Luqman; Mansoor, Abu; Minhas, Rashid

doi:10.14393/bj-v35n1a2019-42250

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The present study found 4.7% prevalence of typhoid and malaria coinfection, and a similar low prevalence of 4% was reported in Dhir District of Pakistan [24]. 3.9% prevalence was reported by Afoakwah et al [25] in Ghana.…”

Section: Age-wise Prevalence (%)supporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever and coinfection in all febrile patients attending at tertiary care hospital in Vadodara

Devubhai¹,

Jitendra²,

Devjibhai³

2021

J App Biol Biotech

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Malaria and typhoid fevers are common disorders of tropical countries, which can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. It is an important cause of fever in India. The prevalence of malaria, typhoid, and their coinfection was studied at a tertiary care, rural-based teaching hospital. A total of 1,378 blood samples from febrile patients in whom initial diagnosis was of either malaria or typhoid fever were analyzed at the

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Section: Age-wise Prevalence (%)supporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever and coinfection in all febrile patients attending at tertiary care hospital in Vadodara

Devubhai¹,

Jitendra²,

Devjibhai³

2021

J App Biol Biotech

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“…Malaria and TF, whose clinical sign dominating is the fever, are due to two distinct pathogens, with different transmission modes. In fact, human malaria is caused by 5 haematozoa parasite species, Plasmodium genus and transmitted actively by Anopheles female mosquito infecting bite [7]. Salmonella TF is due to invasive enteric bacteria, Salmonella genus and transmitted through the oral route consuming water and food contaminated by infected faeces [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection in the Hospital University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Sangaré

Yacouba

Wenceslas

et al. 2019

JPAR

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Malaria and typhoid fever are two endemic infectious diseases in developing tropical countries including Burkina Faso. There are two distinct infectious diseases with many similar clinical signs. In each sanitary area, it is important to describe the "typhomalaria" epidemiology to elaborate adequate diagnosis algorithm and efficient treatment protocol. A cross-sectional study was carried out from July to October 2014 in the lab department of University Hospital Souro SANOU, Bobo-Dioulasso. All microscopy positive malaria during the study period was included. Serodiagnosis of Widal and Felix was performed systematically in all Plasmodium spmalaria cases. Titers of antibodies anti-agglutinin O equal or higher than 1/400 and/or 1/800 for anti-agglutinin H antibodies were considered positive for Salmonella sp. A total of 283 malaria cases were included in this study, majority falciparum malaria. In this malaria cases, 91 patients were seropositive for Salmonella sp. "Typhomalaria" co-infection prevalence was 34.3% (CI 95% (28.8%; 40.1%)). The patient with the normal hemoglobin rate had the highest prevalence of co-infection (46.7% versus 30.9; p=0.02). Malaria and typhoid fever co-infection was high (approximately 1/3 of malaria cases) in University hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso. This study revealed the need to explore typhoid fever in malaria confirmed cases, especially in persistent fevers and non-anemic situation despite adapting antimalarial treatment.

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“…Co-infections with malaria and typhoidal/NTS were reported in 4,523 cases from 73,775 total patients enrolled in the 81 included studies. Co-infections with malaria and typhoidal Salmonella spp., including S. typhi and S. paratyphi , were reported in 3813 cases from 56 studies 31 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 – 43 , 45 – 48 , 50 – 52 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 65 – 68 , 70 , 71 , 73 – 78 , 81 – 84 , 86 – 108 . Co-infections with malaria and NTS, such as S. typhimurium , were reported in 707 cases from 18 studies 17 , 27 – 31 , 44 , 53 , 56 , 60 , 62 , 69 , 72 , 79 , 80 , 84 , 85 , 93 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the identification of malaria, Plasmodium spp. infections were identified via microscopy alone (52/81, 64.2%) 17 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 36 – 38 , 40 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 50 – 53 , 56 , 59 , 60 , 63 – 65 , 68 , 72 , 75 , 77 , 79 – 87 , 89 , 90 , 92 – 100 , 102 , 105 – 108 , microscopy/RDT (16/81, 19.8%) 20 , 41 , 44 , 49 , 54 , 58 , 61 , 66 , 69 , 71 , 74 , 78 , 88 , 91 , 103 , 104 , RDT alone (5/81, 6.17%) 57 , 67 , 73 , 76 , 101 , molecular method 39 , 55 , microscopy/RDT/molecular method 35 , 69 , not specified 42 , 48 , 70 , and ELISA 29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, probability, and outcomes of typhoidal/non-typhoidal Salmonella and malaria co-infection among febrile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wilairatana

Mala

Klangbud

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The geographical overlaps of malaria parasites and Salmonella spp. can lead to co-infection of these two pathogens, especially in the tropics where malaria is endemic. Moreover, few literatures suggested that malaria infection was associated with Salmonella bacteremia. Therefore, this study quantified pooled prevalence of typhoidal/non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and probability of typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infection among febrile patients. The systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021252322). Studies on co-infection of typhoidal/NTS and malaria were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-analyses on the following criteria were performed: (1) pooled prevalence of typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infection among febrile patients, (2) pooled prevalence of typhoidal/NTS among malaria patients, (3) pooled prevalence of malaria infections among patients with Salmonella spp. infection, and (4) probability of typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infection among febrile patients. Additionally, the case fatality rate and mean difference of malarial parasitemia between typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infection and Plasmodium monoinfection were also determined. The subgroup analyses of typhoidal/NTS, regions (Africa and Asia), countries, time (publication year), characteristics of participants, and diagnostic tests for identifying Salmonella spp. were also conducted. A sensitivity test was performed to determine the robustness of the study outcomes. Publication bias among the included studies was evaluated using the funnel plot and Egger’s test. All analyses were performed using Stata version 15 (StataCorp LLC, Texas, USA) with a p-value < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Eighty-one studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the analyses. Of the 73,775 study participants, 4523 had typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infections. The pooled prevalence rates of typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infection among febrile patients were 14% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9–19%; I2, 99.4%; 2971/17,720 cases) and 1% (95% CI 1–1%; I2, 89.9%; 252/29,081 cases) using the Widal test and culture methods for identifying Salmonella spp., respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of typhoidal/NTS infection among patients with malaria were 31% (95% CI 23–39%; I2, 99.5%; 3202/19,208 cases) and 3% (95% CI 2–3%; I2, 86.8%; 407/40,426 cases) using the Widal test and culture methods for identifying Salmonella spp., respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of malaria infection among patients with typhoidal/NTS were 17% (95% CI 6–29%; I2, 33.3%; 13/75 cases) and 43% (95% CI 32–53%; I2, 89.1%; 287/736 cases), respectively. Malaria infection was associated with typhoidal/NTS in children aged < 15 years (p < 0.0001; odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI 0.23–0.58; I2, 73.9%; 3188/43,212 cases). The case fatality rate in patients with malaria and NTS co-infections was 16% (95% CI 9–24%; I2, 89.1%; 18/103 cases). From the view of the present study, the inappropriate use of the Widal test for Salmonella spp. diagnosis can overestimate the prevalence of typhoidal/NTS and malaria co-infections. Malaria infection associated with typhoidal/NTS in children and the high case fatality rates among few patients with co-infections were highlighted. Future prospective longitudinal studies using the appropriate and confirmatory dsiagnosis for Salmonella spp. infections are highly recommended to ensure the real prevalence of co-infection and highlight the outcome of co-infection for providing adequate treatment in febrile patients who live in areas where malaria is endemic, such as tropical Africa and India.

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Prevalence of malaria, typhoid and co-infection in District DIR (lower), Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever and coinfection in all febrile patients attending at tertiary care hospital in Vadodara

Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever and coinfection in all febrile patients attending at tertiary care hospital in Vadodara

Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection in the Hospital University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Prevalence, probability, and outcomes of typhoidal/non-typhoidal Salmonella and malaria co-infection among febrile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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