Prevalence of malignancy when solitary versus multiple lesions are detected during abdominal ultrasonographic examination of dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum: 31 cases (2003–2008)

Abstract

Solitary abdominal ultrasonographic lesions in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum do not necessarily indicate a lower prevalence of malignancy.

Anatomic site and etiology of hemorrhage in small versus large dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum

“…The only statistically significant independent predictor of HSA was splenic hemorrhage, although it is possible that other predictors existed but were not identified because of data limitations. Splenic HSA carries a poor prognosis for long‐term outcome, with median survival times of 47‐86 days with splenectomy only and 100‐202 days when splenectomy is followed by chemotherapy . The potential for a poor outcome because of presumptive HSA is a common reason for pet owners to euthanize their dogs after a diagnosis of acute SH is made .…”

Resolution of spontaneous hemoabdomen secondary to peliosis hepatis following surgery and azithromycin treatment in a Bartonella species infected dog

“…PH is most often found within the hepatic parenchyma, which results in focal rupture of sinusoidal walls. Other reticuloendothelial and nonreticuloendothelial organs can also be affected . Complications include liver failure, portal hypertension, spontaneous hemorrhage and acute death.…”

“…Other reticuloendothelial and nonreticuloendothelial organs can also be affected. 3,7 Complications include liver failure, portal hypertension, spontaneous hemorrhage and acute death. The etiology causing PH is not fully understood, however sinusoidal obstruction, hepatocellular necrosis, and direct injury to the sinusoidal barrier are the most likely mechanisms to acute hemoperitoneum.…”

“…Other less common causes include: blunt force or penetrating trauma, coagulopathies, iatrogenic vessel laceration, severe anaphylaxis, or peliosis hepatis (PH) . Nearly 70% of spontaneous hemoperitoneums are secondary to ruptured splenic or hepatic tumors reported to be hemangiosarcoma, and carry a very guarded to poor long‐term prognosis . However, the clinician should consider infectious causes of hemoperitoneum.…”

“…2 Nearly 70% of spontaneous hemoperitoneums are secondary to ruptured splenic or hepatic tumors reported to be hemangiosarcoma, and carry a very guarded to poor long-term prognosis. 1,3,4 However, the clinician should consider infectious causes of hemoperitoneum. Any infectious agent that is known to cause coagulopathies, vasoproliferative lesions, or reticuloendothelial damage should be investigated as a potential cause.…”