Prevalence of Malocclusions and Associated Factors inBrazilian Children and Adolescents with CerebralPalsy: A Multi-Institutional Study

Abstract

Background. To assess the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods. The study included 134 subjects with CP aged 2–18 years enrolled in six rehabilitation institutions and their caregivers, which provided demographic, systemic, and behavioral data. A calibrated researcher held oral examinations with record of the following malocclusion indexes, DAI and DMFT. Poisson regression analysis was used (α < 0.05). Results. About 85.8% (n = 115) of patients had malocclusion. In deciduous and mixed dentition (n = 99), increased overjet (75.8%), open bite (51.5%), posterior cross bite (19.2%), and anterior cross bite (3.0%) were identified. Increased overjet was associated with the age group of 2–5 years and mild communication impairment. Anterior open bite was more common in children who underwent tongue interposition, lip interposition, and pacifier sucking. Communication skills, mouth breathing, and tongue interposition were associated with posterior cross bite. Severe malocclusions (DAI > 30) were observed in 88.6% of patients with permanent dentition (n = 35) and were associated with liquid diet consistency and finger sucking. Conclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with CP was high and associated with demographic, behavioral, and systemic factors.

Prevalence of bruxism in adults with cerebral palsy institutionalized in Lisbon

“…18,19 In another study, by Cardoso et al, the prevalence of oral awake habits was higher than the values of the present study: 62.7% of the CP population has tongue interposition and 50% have digital sucking habit up to the first 24 months or more. 20 The age of the population of the study mentioned above was very different (2-18 years) of the present study (most prevalent age group was between 49 and 58 years old) so the results should be compared carefully.…”

Effects of non-nutritive sucking habits on malocclusions: a systematic review

“…Similarly, the bottle nipple is usually made of a less flexible material, which can press inside the oral cavity and lead to improper alignment of the teeth and a narrow palate [43]. Furthermore, according to several authors [6,22,[49][50][51][52][53], children with a bottle favor a strong tendency to develop a pacifier habit.…”

Treatment of Class II malocclusion with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite with the aid of mini‐implants in a patient with Down syndrome: Clinical case report

“…Down syndrome (DS) is the best known of all malformation syndromes as it was the first abnormality recognized in humans. 1,2 Children with DS have poor bone development, which is associated with muscle hypotonicity. This becomes more pronounced with age and leads to a higher occurrence of malocclusions in individuals with DS than in the general population.…”

“…Down syndrome (DS) is the best known of all malformation syndromes as it was the first abnormality recognized in humans 1,2 . Children with DS have poor bone development, which is associated with muscle hypotonicity.…”