Prevalence of medication use in the postpartum period: A narrative review of current trends and implications for midwifery practice.

Abstract

IntroductionThe postpartum period is a critical phase for maternal recovery and infant care. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the prevalence and indications of medication use in the postpartum period.MethodsThis narrative review synthesized studies published in English over the past 20 years from electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, using key terms. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. No formal quality assessment was performed.ResultsPostpartum medication use is common, with prevalence rates varying between 34% and 100%, depending on the study population and setting. Medications for the nervous system (21.6%-99.6%), anti-infectives (27.6%-99.3%), and hematopoietic drugs (1.4%-91.7%) are frequently prescribed to manage pain, prevent infections, and support recovery from blood loss or prevent thrombosis. Musculoskeletal medications (14.1%-87.4%), drugs for the alimentary tract and metabolism (5.9%-79.5%), and treatments for the genitourinary system and hormonal preparations (7%-69.2%) are also commonly used, with significant variability among studies. In contrast, cardiovascular (2%-22.4%) and respiratory medications (0.8%-15%) are less commonly prescribed. The reasons for medication use include immediate recovery needs and the management of acute conditions. Medications are also used to manage chronic conditions.ConclusionsMedication use is highly prevalent in the postpartum period worldwide. A balanced approach, combining pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic care, is essential for safe recovery. Midwives are vital in helping mothers make informed choices. Future research should aim to establish standardized medication guidelines and evaluate safety to support evidence-based postpartum care.