Prevalence of Meningococcal Serogroups and Description of Three New Groups1

Evans, Jimmy H.; Artenstein, Malcolm S.; Hunter, Donald

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120854

Cited by 100 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…N. meningitidis X serotype was first identified in 1960s in northern America. This serotype X was shown to cause epidemics like serotypes A and C. 8 The immunization records of our patient confirmed that he had received a quadrivalent (A+C+W135+Y) meningococcal vaccine two months earlier, at the beginning of his military training period. Turkish military vaccination campaigns have used the A+C+W135+Y polysaccharide vaccine successfully for six months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The First Case of Neisseria meningitidis Serogrup X Meningitis in Turkey

Çoşkun¹,

Avcı²,

Bedir³

et al. 2013

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The First Case of Neisseria meningitidis Serogrup X Meningitis in Turkey

Çoşkun¹,

Avcı²,

Bedir³

et al. 2013

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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“…The MenX PS was first characterized and defined as a distinct serogroup in the 1960s (26,27) and was shown to be immunogenic in rabbits (28,29). The structure of MenX PS consists of N-acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate residues held together by α-(1-4) phosphodiester bonds without O-acetyl groups (28,(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Micoli

Romano

Tontini

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide, especially in the African meningitis belt, and has a high associated mortality. The meningococcal serogroups A, W, and X have been responsible for epidemics and almost all cases of meningococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt over the past 12 y. Currently no vaccine is available against meningococcal X (MenX). Because the development of a new vaccine through to licensure takes many years, this leaves Africa vulnerable to new epidemics of MenX meningitis at a time when the epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis on the continent is changing rapidly, following the recent introduction of a glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroup A. Here, we report the development of candidate glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and preclinical data from their use in animal studies. Following optimization of growth conditions of our seed MenX strain for polysaccharide (PS) production, a scalable purification process was developed yielding high amounts of pure MenX PS. Different glycoconjugates were synthesized by coupling MenX oligosaccharides of varying chain length to CRM 197 as carrier protein. Analytical methods were developed for in-process control and determination of purity and consistency of the vaccines. All conjugates induced high anti-MenX PS IgG titers in mice. Antibodies were strongly bactericidal against African MenX isolates. These findings support the further development of glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and their assessment in clinical trials to produce a vaccine against the one cause of epidemic meningococcal meningitis that currently cannot be prevented by available vaccines.

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“…Meningococci were identified by colonial appearance, examination of a Gram-stained smear and carbohydrate fermentations. The serological grouping was performed both by the slide agglutination method with hyperimmune rabbit sera (14), and by the hemagglutination inhibition method described previously (8). In the occasional instance of disagreement between the two procedures, the results obtained with the hemagglutinatlon inhibition test were accepted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunity to the Meningococcus

Gotschlich

Goldschneider

Artenstein

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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171

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Purified meningococcal polysaccharides were administered to army recruits. No adverse reactions were observed in 145 men who received group C polysaccharide, and in 53 men who were injected with group A polysaccharide. Hemagglutinating and bactericidal activity developed in the sera of all individuals with the exception of two recruits injected with A polysaccharide. During the 6 wk period of observation, the proportion of unvaccinated recruits who acquired group C meningococci in the three companies studied was 38, 42, and 69 per cent. A significantly lower proportion of the individuals vaccinated with group C polysaccharide acquired group C meningococci; 4.6, 24, and 31 per cent respectively.

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Prevalence of Meningococcal Serogroups and Description of Three New Groups1

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

The First Case of Neisseria meningitidis Serogrup X Meningitis in Turkey

The First Case of Neisseria meningitidis Serogrup X Meningitis in Turkey

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Human Immunity to the Meningococcus

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