Prevalence of mental retardation among children in RS Pura town of Jammu and Kashmir

Raina, Sunil Kumar; Razdan, Sushil; Nanda, Renu

doi:10.4103/0972-2327.93271

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of mental retardation is even higher than the neighboring state of J and K, wherein the prevalence is only 0.72%. [ 13 14 ] The current corroborates on the absence of an unequivocal role of malnutrition alone as a cause for cognitive impairment. The future research should focus on the role of undernutrition on cognition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India

Raina

Sharma

Parashar

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

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Background:Mental retardation is one of the most common disabilities of childhood. The research on childhood malnutrition and its relationship with cognitive functioning suggests that malnutrition alone does not cause mental retardation.Objective:To identify the relation between malnutrition and cognition among children from a Sub-Himalayan state in North India.Materials and Methods:A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural, urban, and slum area of district Kangra. A 30-cluster sampling technique was used to screen a population of children 1–10 years of age from five randomly selected panchayats (village government units) of district Kangra. The screening was based on a modified version of the ten questions screen, adapted to the local population. In the first phase, a door-to-door survey was done to identify suspects of mental retardation. In the second phase, the children found positive in the first phase were called for clinical examination to confirm mental retardation. Anthropometric assessment of all study children was done by measuring weight and height. The nutritional assessment was done by categorizing them according to Waterlow classification for malnutrition.Results:Out of the total 5300 children, 1.7% were diagnosed as mentally retarded. No positive association was reported with different types of malnutrition and mental retardation. A weakly positive association existed between nutritional status and mental retardation (correlation coefficient-0.04). Children who were both wasted and stunted had the highest risk (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval – 5.57, 2.29–10.36) of mental retardation as compared to normal.Conclusion:Malnutrition may be one of the causes but certainly not the only cause of mental retardation. Other causes may be contributing more significantly toward it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India

Raina

Sharma

Parashar

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

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“…The prevalence of mental retardation in India has shown a variation from 0.72% in J and K,[ 3 ] 0.3% in Mangalore[ 13 ] to 2.3% in Karnataka. [ 14 ] Our study revealed a prevalence of 2.15%, which is on the higher side as compared to the rest of the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 5 ] The ten questions screen has been used by the researchers across populations for the assessment of mental retardation. [ 3 4 5 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 2 ] Studies of the frequency of and risk factors for cognitive disorders in children have almost entirely been limited to the developed countries where service records and registries provide feasible means of case identification. [ 3 ] Pilot studies of severe mental retardation in selected populations conducted in India and Pakistan have reported extraordinarily high prevalence estimates in the range of 12–24/1000. [ 4 ] Because some of the specific causes and risk factors that are now uncommon in developed countries remain highly prevalent in less developed countries, and because child survival is beginning to improve in some countries (a situation which in developed countries appears to have resulted in increase in the prevalence of childhood disabilities), the possibility of an elevated frequency of severe mental retardation in less developed countries is plausible and requires confirmation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio demography of mental retardation: A community-based study from a goitre zone in rural sub-Himalayan India

Sharma

Raina

Parashar

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

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Introduction:Mental retardation is one of the most common disabilities of childhood which can be prevented by timely identification of the causative agent and an adequate management accordingly. District Kangra lies in the sub-Himalayan belt and forms a part of the 2400 km long goitre belt along the southern slopes of the Himalayas.Objective:To study the prevalence of mental retardation among children (1–10) years of age.Materials and Methods:A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of district Kangra. A 30-cluster sampling technique was used to screen a population of children 1–10 years of age from five randomly selected panchayats (village government units) of district Kangra. The screening was based on a modified version of the ten questions screen, adapted to the local population. In the first phase a door to door survey was done to identify suspects of mental retardation. In the second phase, the children found positive in the first phase were called for examination by the pediatrician to confirm mental retardation.Results:A total of 2420 children were screened in the first phase of which 95 tested positive. About 52 of these children were found to be mentally retarded in the second phase giving a prevalence of 2.15%. The 69% of these children belonged to the lower middle class and 28.3% belonged to middle class families using the Uday Parekh scale for assessment of the socio-economic status.Conclusion:Prevalence of mental retardation is high in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh in comparison to other states of India. This could be attributed to the good primary health care in Himachal Pradesh where institutional deliveries are about 70%. This may have led to better survival of children with congenital disorders and those that suffer perinatal trauma.

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“…Retardasi mental adalah salah satu disabilitas yang paling umum terjadi di masa anak-anak (Raina, Razdan & Nanda, 2012). Anak retardasi mental (tuna grahita) umumnya memiliki kecakapan motorik yang lebih rendah dibanding kelompok anak normal sebaya, baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Upaya Peningkatan Motorik Halus Anak Dengan Retardasi Mental Melalui Terapi Bermain : Parallel Play Menganyam Kertas

Christianingsih¹

2020

n.a.

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Anak retardasi mental umumnya memiliki kemampuan motorik kasar dan halus yang lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal, karena kelemahan pada sistem saraf sehingga sulit mencapai perkembangan secara normal. Hal tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan memberikan stimulasi yang baik dan berkesinambungan. Terapi bermain: Parallel Play menganyam kertas merupakan permainan aktif mandiri anak retardasi mental untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasy Experimental. Populasinya adalah anak usia 11-12 tahun di SDLB AKW Kumara II. Sampel terdiri dari 12 responden dengan purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan lembar observasi dan dianalisis dengan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan Mann Whitney U Test dengan tingkat signifikan α ≤ 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Terapi bermain: Parallel Play menganyam kertas dapat meningkatkan motorik halus anak retardasi mental. Hasil uji Wilcoxon pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan data nilai p = 0.026 dan kelompok kontrol p = 0.063. Uji statistik menggunakan Mann Whitney U Test menunjukkan motorik halus pada kelompok perlakuan lebih baik daripada kelompok kontrol (nilai p = 0,030). Kesimpulannya, terapi bermain: parallel play menganyam kertas dapat meningkatkan motorik halus anak retardasi mental ringan.

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Prevalence of mental retardation among children in RS Pura town of Jammu and Kashmir

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India

Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India

Socio demography of mental retardation: A community-based study from a goitre zone in rural sub-Himalayan India

Upaya Peningkatan Motorik Halus Anak Dengan Retardasi Mental Melalui Terapi Bermain : Parallel Play Menganyam Kertas

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