Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrom in Three Urban Communities of Dhaka City

Abstract

Bangladeshis are prone to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (sHTN and dHTN) and atherosclerotic heart diseases, observed more predominantly in the urban population. Though metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a related disorder, there are few studies in this regard. The prevalence of obesity, T2DM and MetS in three urban communities of Bangladesh were addressed in this study. Nine hundred non-slum urban households in three Dhaka City Wards were randomly selected. One member (age ≥ 25y) from each household was invited for investigation with an overnight fast. Socio-demographic information as well as height, weight, waist-girth, hip-girth and blood pressure were measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoproteins-c (HDL) were estimated. A total of 705 (m / f = 239 / 466) subjects volunteered for the study. The mean value with 95% confidence interval (CI) of age was 42.4 (40.9 -43.1) years for men and 37.8 (36.8 -38.7) for women. The mean (CI) body mass index (BMI) was 21.0 (20.6 -21.5) and 22.6 (22.2 -22.9) and waist hip ratio (WHR) was 0.84 (0.83 -0.84) and 0.82 (0.81 -0.83), respectively for men and women. The mean (CI) FPG (fasting plasma glucose) was 5.5 (5.2 -5.7) for men and 5.2 (5.0 -5.4) for women. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0) was 21%, T2DM (FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/l) was 22.2%, triglyceridemia (TG ≥ 150mg/dl) was 45.1% and low HDL-c (HDL<40mg/ dl) was 43.8%. The crude prevalence of MetS varied based on different cluster combinations, being the lowest (0.3%) recommended by WHO cluster (FPG + BMI + SBP/DBP) and the highest (8.7%) by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cluster (waist + FPG + HDL). The MetS was found higher in male than female by NCEP criteria and higher in female than male by IDF criteria. The study revealed an increased prevalence of obesity, T2DM and MetS in the urban communities. It also revealed that T2DM and MetS are moderately common and of growing healthcare burden in the rapidly growing urban population. Additionally, the study observed the wide ranging prevalence rates of MetS in the same study population indicating the need to establish a consistent and useful MetS-cluster depending on population characteristics.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(2): 44-48

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Obese Children and Adolescents

“…7-9 A study carried out among adult population in Bangladesh has found higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in females using International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) criteria. 21 We did not find age, family history of diabetes to be associated with metabolic syndrome in agreement with Cook et al 7 In the present study the waist-hip ratio in obese children in all age group was more than 0.9 indicating abdominal adiposity. Waist -hip ratio is an excellent predictor of abnormalities of lipids and glucose metabolism in the adult population and similar correlation have been made for paediatric obesity 22 .…”

Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“… 39 42 47 Furthermore, 11 studies were conducted in rural areas, 11 26 27 30–32 35 38 40 45 46 4 in urban areas, 12 24 33 44 7 studies in both settings 25 29 39 41–43 47 and 1 study in a suburban area. 34 The proportion of male participants ranged from 9% to 67% and the percentage of obese or overweight participants ranged from 5.7% to 47.2%. The average age of participants ranged from 31.3 to 51.48 years.…”

Cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 1995 and 2010

“…At the same time a significant portion of the population have conditions such as IFG or IGT, and therefore are at risk of developing T2DM [14,30,35]. For example, in our reviewed studies, the pooled prevalence for IFG and IGT were found 7.0% (95%CI: 3.2%–10.8%, I 2  = 99%) and 8.2% (95%CI: 3.9%–12.4%, I 2  = 99%), respectively [10,16,22,25,30,31,33,35,36]. …”