Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background:Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV-infected patients is very limited in the Ghanaian setting and may vary across the globe by the different study populations and criteria used.Aim:We investigated the prevalence of MetS among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana.Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 433 HIV-infected patients (294 on HAART and 139 HAART-naïve) from the period of February 2013 to December 2013. Information on the demographic, clinical, anthropometric characteristics were obtained and lipid profile for each patient was assessed. MetS was assessed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.Results:The prevalence of MetS was 24.5% according to WHO criteria, 48.3% by NCEP-ATP III criteria, and 42.3% by IDF criteria. In general, participants on HAART were significantly associated with higher prevalence of MetS compared to those without HAART (P < 0.05) irrespective of the criteria used. Prevalence of clustering components of MetS was significantly higher among those on HAART when risk scores of 2 and above were used compared with those not on HAART (P < 0.05).Conclusion:HAART recipient developed MetS as indicated by dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and abnormal body fat. It is incumbent on health giver to incorporate MetS assessment as a part of treatment and management plan in patients receiving HAART.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in antiretroviral exposed HIV patients in a Ghanaian population: A case-control study

“…The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia among HIV patients on ART in this current study was 31.1% with low HDL-C and high TC levels being the commonest lipid abnormalities. The observed prevalence of dyslipidemia is comparable to the range of reports from previous studies by Obirikorang et al [9] and Ngala et al [10] in Ghana and Kodogo et al [10] in Zimbabwe. However, it is lower compared to 78.9% prevalence rate reported by Limas et al [39] in a cross-sectional study among Brazilian HIV individuals on ART.…”

“…The prevalence of dyslipidemia is reportedly higher in people living with HIV due to the effect of ART in Ghana [9][10][11]. The severity of dyslipidemia and the typical pattern of the lipid profile differ between and within the classes of antiretroviral (ARV) agents [12].…”

Metabolic Syndrome in People Living with HIV in Lome (Togo): Epidemiological Aspects and Associated Factors

“…Our study found a higher prevalence of MS in HAART-exposed patients compared to naive patients (29.5% vs 23.8%) with no significant statistical difference. If numerous studies have objectified a significant predominance of MS in exposed subjects [18] [22] [23] [27], our result could be linked to the small proportion of naive patients in our sample (15.1%). Our study, for example, did not show any association between duration on HAART and MS confirming the conclusions of some authors [26] [28] [29].…”

Influence of the duration of antiretroviral use on insulin resistance among people living with HIV with lipodystrophy

“…Therefore, it was essential that at least one site showed lipoatrophy, i.e., visible loss of fat in peripheral regions (arms or legs) or face accompanied or not by lipohypertrophy, i.e., accumulation of fat in the abdominal region, dorsal gibbosity, or gynecomastia 12 .…”