Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors among geriatric population living in a high altitude region of rural Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Introduction:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is responsible for 2.5-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 5-fold higher risk of developing diabetes.Materials and Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015–2016 in District Nainital. A list of all villages was developed. From this list, thirty villages were identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. From each village, thirty geriatric subjects (GSs) were selected. The study population included 979 GSs aged 60 years and above. The data were collected on anthropometry, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile from all the enrolled subjects. The prevalence of MetS was estimated using International Diabetes Federation criteria. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to identify factors associated with MetS.Results:The prevalence of MetS was found to be 28.6%. Step-wise multivariate logistic regression analysis found that female gender, higher income, and body mass index ≥25 were significant and independent risk factors of MetS amongst GP.Conclusion:There is a need for screening of GP living in high altitude region so that efforts can be initiated to prevent complications of MetS.

The epidemiological profile of metabolic syndrome in Indian population: A comparative study between men and women

“…This finding is consistent with studies in China, Qatar and Nepal [20][21][22] whereas, it contradicts the finding from a study in Uttarakhand, India. 23 It is evident from the current study that there is significant association between metabolic syndrome and place of residence. People of rural residence are less likely to have metabolic syndrome as compared to the urban dwellers who are at a greater risk of metabolic syndrome.…”

Rural-urban and gender differences in metabolic syndrome in the aging population from southern India: Two parallel, prospective cohort studies

“…A number of studies have been carried out across different parts of India and have shown considerable variations in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 A recent meta-analysis 34 of 111 Indian studies reported a pooled prevalence of 30% among Indian adults (≥ 18 years).…”

“…Similarly, a study 40 in the national capital region of India reported urban prevalence (NCEP ATP-III) as 21.7% in male participants and 27.8% in female participants, whereas corresponding numbers for rural sites were 13.8% and 18.8%. Kapil et al 27 reported 28.6% prevalence among individuals aged 60 and above from a rural community from a high-altitude region in district of Nainital in northern India, based on the IDF criteria. On the other hand, two studies on older adults in the same age group (≥ 60 years) and using the same (IDF) criteria from an urban setting in central India revealed a much higher prevalence (42.1%).…”

Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Nutrition, Metabolism, Cognition, and Serum Vitamin B12 in the Elderly

“…In agreement to the results of this study, a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 211 subjects showed that the prevalence of MetS (based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria) among H. pylori +ve and H. pylori -ve patients was 76.6% versus. 69.8% (p=0.27), according to NCEP-ATPIII criteria it was 90.4% vs. 87.2% (p=0.5), and the differences was not significant [26]. In addition, Kim et al [27] showed that H. pylori seropositivity was not associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome among 37,263 subjects (according to the NCEP ATP III criteria).…”