Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia, and metabolic changes after 3 months of treatment with antipsychotics - results from a German observational study

Kraemer, Susanne A.; Minarzyk, A.; Forst, Thomas; Kopf, Daniel; Hundemer, Hans-Peter

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-173

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A German study explored the prevalence of MetS in patients with treated or untreated schizophrenia at baseline and at 3 months after initiation or switch of antipsychotic treatment. The authors reported an increase from 44.3% to 49.6%, and also described the lowest baseline MetS prevalence (24.7%) in previously unmedicated patients [Kraemer et al 2011]. The lack of further studies on drug-naïve patients is an anticipated source of bias in any effort to explore the role of antipsychotic medication in the development of MetS.…”

Section: Metabolic Syndrome and Medicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and mechanisms of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: a review

Papanastasiou¹

2012

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

103

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Metabolic syndrome: introduction The metabolic syndrome (MetS, also known as syndrome X, syndrome of chronic cardiovascular disease and Reaven's syndrome) is a constellation of different conditions, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and elevated blood pressure. All components of the MetS (with obesity holding a central role in its development) have been recognized as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and so the presence of MetS is associated with other comorbidities such as the prothrombotic state, proinflammatory state, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and reproductive disorders [Cornier et al. 2008]. Owing to its multiple components, many definitions have

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Section: Metabolic Syndrome and Medicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and mechanisms of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: a review

Papanastasiou¹

2012

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

103

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“…He believes this factor could be decreased by three or four times the expected weight gain of the newly diagnosed. Kraemer, Minarzyk, et al [15] after studying 718 participants with newly diagnosed schizophrenia found that these patients had significantly lower rate of metabolic syndrome parameters than patients previously treated with both first generation and second generation antipsychotics. Lipovich, Jacobson, et al [16] found that after evaluating the degree of early weight gain was determined they could predict the potential of future weight gain looking at olanzapine.…”

Section: Literature Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple screening tool for metabolic syndrome risk in the psychiatric patient treated with antipsychotic medication

Patch

Knight²,

Phillips-McEnany³

et al. 2015

Clinical Nursing Studies

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Objective: This study sought to determine whether waist to height ratio (WhtR) can be used to identify psychiatric patients at risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Body mass index (BMI) is most often used as the primary determinant for MetS in current screening protocols. There is currently no defined range of values of BMI that determine the level of risk. Psychiatric patients have twice the risk of dying from cardiovascular events than the general population. Cardiovascular disease has been a consequence of metabolic dysregulation that is common to MetS which involves abnormalities in at least three of the following biometric parameters: increase waist circumference, decreased high density lipids (HDL), increased triglycerides (TRG), elevated fasting blood sugar (FBS) and elevated blood pressure (BP). It is well documented that antipsychotic medication is a risk factor for developing MetS.Methods: A retrospective record review (n = 48), evaluated the clinic records of psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic medication. Data from these records compared the relationship between the WhtR and BMI. The association between WhtR and BMI was analyzed through a Pearson correlation analysis and their respectively sensitivity and specificity for predicting risk for MetS was analyzed using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Confounding of the relationships between WhtR and risk of MetS by other risk factors was examined using generalized linear models.Results: Pearson coefficients of BMI and WhtR revealed a strong positive correlation r = 0.935, p = .01. Furthermore, WhtR was evaluated utilizing a ROC curve and demonstrated maximum sensitivity between 0.52 and 0.58 with the maximum specificity at 78%. Both WhtR and BMI showed robust measures in determining metabolic syndrome risk. The relationship between WhtR and risk of MetS existed even when controlling for other factors. Conclusions:The ratio of waist circumference to height, can provide a reliable low-cost, non-invasive form of measurement that can be performed in any setting, to monitor the progression of metabolic involvement.

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“…We took into account quality of included data, evaluating if studies had involved participants treated with SGAs for at least three months, since this seems the minimum time for appropriately estimating potential metabolic effects of SGAs (Kraemer et al, 2011;van Winkel et al, 2008). Finally, we attempted to minimize the risk of reporting bias, including also unpublished findings (Sterne et al, 2008).…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%