Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome One Year after Delivery in Finnish Women at Increased Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Pregnancy

Puhkala, Jatta; Kinnunen, Tarja I.; Vasankari, Tommi; Kukkonen-Harjula, Katriina; Raitanen, Jani; Luoto, Riitta

doi:10.1155/2013/139049

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…After full‐text review, 71 studies still met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, a total of 18 studies reported on the same study populations; we selected one to report on going forward: four used Project Viva (34–37; 35 reported); three used Kaiser Permanente Northern California (26, 38, 39; 38 and 39 reported); two used the Generation R study in the Netherlands (40,41; 40 reported); two used the Danish National Birth cohort (42,43; 43 reported); two used the Asthma Coalition on Community, Environment and Social Stress cohort (44,45; 44 reported); two used the Mater‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (46,47; 47 reported); two used the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP) (48,49; both reported) and two studies used the NELLI cohort in Finland . For the NCPP population, we report findings for both studies because they report results at different times during pregnancy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of self‐reported pregnancy‐related weight: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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Self-reported maternal weight is error-prone, and the context of pregnancy may impact error distributions. This systematic review summarizes error in self-reported weight across pregnancy and assesses implications for bias in associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar through November 2015 for peer-reviewed articles reporting accuracy of self-reported, pregnancy-related weight at four time points: prepregnancy, delivery, over gestation and postpartum. Included studies compared maternal self-report to anthropometric measurement or medical report of weights. Sixty-two studies met inclusion criteria. We extracted data on magnitude of error and misclassification. We assessed impact of reporting error on bias in associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. Women underreported prepregnancy (PPW: -2.94 to -0.29 kg) and delivery weight (DW: -1.28 to 0.07 kg), and over-reported gestational weight gain (GWG: 0.33 to 3 kg). Magnitude of error was small, ranged widely, and varied by prepregnancy weight class and race/ethnicity. Misclassification was moderate (PPW: 0-48.3%; DW: 39.0-49.0%; GWG: 16.7-59.1%), and overestimated some estimates of population prevalence. However, reporting error did not largely bias associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. Although measured weight is preferable, self-report is a cost-effective and practical measurement approach. Future researchers should develop bias correction techniques for self-reported pregnancy-related weight.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of self‐reported pregnancy‐related weight: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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“…21 In our earlier report of the same original trial, the MeS prevalence among women with early GDM was already elevated (31%) at 1-year postpartum compared with the intervention group (11%). 24 Seven years postpartum, the MeS prevalence among women with early GDM had increased to 50%. Further, women with early GDM had increased odds for MeS compared with other three groups (intervention, usual care and healthy controls).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28][29][30][31] One year after delivery, the prevalence of MeS among women with GDM risk factors was 16-18% depending on the criteria; with no differences between the intervention and usual care group. 24 Our aim is to study MeS and its components 7 years postpartum among Finnish women who in early pregnancy were at increased risk of developing GDM (intervention or usual care), among women with early pregnancy GDM diagnosis and among women without GDM risk factors during pregnancy (healthy control). We also studied risk factors associated with the development of MeS 7 years postpartum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome in Finnish women 7 years after a gestational diabetes prevention trial

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRisk for developing metabolic syndrome (MeS) after delivery is high among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but little is known about development of MeS among women with risk factors for GDM during pregnancy. In the present study, we studied the prevalence of MeS 7 years postpartum among women with GDM risk factors during pregnancy, women with early GDM diagnosis and women without GDM risk factors. We also analysed the early pregnancy risk factors associated with MeS.MethodsA Finnish cluster randomised controlled GDM prevention trial was conducted in 2007–2009. The prevalence of MeS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria was determined in the follow-up study 7 years after original trial. Eligible participants (n=289) in 4 study groups (intervention (n=83) and usual care (n=87) with GDM risk factors; early GDM (n=51), and healthy control without GDM risk factors (n=68)) were evaluated for MeS. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyse risk factors associated with MeS.Results7 years postpartum, the MeS prevalence was 14% (95% CI 8% to 25%) in the intervention group; 15% (CI 8% to 25%) in the usual care group; 50% (CI 35% to 65%) in the early GDM group and 7% (CI 2% to 18%) in the healthy control group. OR for MeS in women with GDM risk factors did not differ from the healthy control group. Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted OR for MeS was 9.18 (CI 1.82 to 46.20) in the early GDM group compared with the healthy control group. Increased prepregnancy BMI was associated with MeS (OR, 1.17, CI 1.08 to 1.28, adjusted for group).ConclusionsIncreased prepregnancy BMI and early GDM diagnosis were the strongest risk factors for developing MeS 7 years postpartum. Overweight and obese women and especially those with early GDM should be monitored and counselled for cardiometabolic risk factors after delivery.

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“…Several previous studies have indicated that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Finnish women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus at 1 year post partum was 18% [25], and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among USA and Denmark women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus at 10 years post partum was 30–40% [26,27]. As the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with a post-partum duration, an early post-partum lifestyle intervention of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus [13] is important for prevention of cardiometabolic implications, especially for prevention of high prevalence of elevated waist circumference, reduced HDL-C and elevated glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome of weight change from pre‐pregnancy to 1–5 years post‐partum among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes

Liu

Qiao

et al. 2015

Diabet. Med.

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Aims Few studies have evaluated the effect of weight change from pre-pregnancy to post partum with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1–5 years post partum with metabolic syndrome among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in 1263 women with gestational diabetes mellitus at 1–5 years post partum. Participants were divided into four groups based on their weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1–5 years post partum: loss of ≥ 3 kg, ± 3 kg, gain of 3–7 kg and gain of ≥7 kg. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 12.1%, 16.2%, 26.0% and 44.3% among women with weight loss ≥ 3 kg, stable weight (± 3 kg), weight gain 3–7 kg and weight gain ≥ 7 kg from pre-pregnancy to post partum, respectively. The positive association between weight change and metabolic syndrome was observed among women with pre-pregnancy normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 24–27.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was almost similar among pre-pregnancy normal weight women with weight gain ≥ 7 kg, pre-pregnancy overweight women with stable weight (± 3 kg) and pre-pregnancy obese women with weight loss ≥3 kg from pre-pregnancy to post partum (P = 0.62). Conclusions Women with gestational diabetes mellitus who had large weight gain from pre-pregnancy to post partum were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Women who are pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and also diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy need more weight control after delivery.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome One Year after Delivery in Finnish Women at Increased Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Pregnancy

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

The accuracy of self‐reported pregnancy‐related weight: a systematic review

The accuracy of self‐reported pregnancy‐related weight: a systematic review

Metabolic syndrome in Finnish women 7 years after a gestational diabetes prevention trial

Metabolic syndrome of weight change from pre‐pregnancy to 1–5 years post‐partum among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes

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