Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

Khanal, Laxmi Kant; Adhikari, Ram Prasad; Guragain, Ankita

doi:10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20305

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Older age groups are more prone to get infected due to decreased host resistance and increased exposure to healthcare settings. In contrast to other studies, we found the highest proportion of MRSA in urine specimens [ 23 , 33 , 34 ]. This may be due to urinary catheterization practice and the colonization by MRSA of indwelling urinary catheters.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

Soe

Han

Sagili³

et al. 2021

TropicalMed

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common bacterium associated with a variety of community and hospital infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounts for most SA related morbidity and mortality. In this study, we determined the prevalence and factors associated with SA and MRSA in Myanmar. Methods: We collected the data retrospectively by reviewing an electronic register containing the results of bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of biological specimens received from healthcare facilities during 2018–2019. Results: Of the 37,798 biological specimens with bacterial culture growth, 22% (8244) were Gram-positive. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, 42% (2801) were SA, of which 48% (1331) were judged as MRSA by phenotypic methods. The prevalence of MRSA was higher in the older age groups, in female patients, in urine specimens and specimens received from the intensive care unit and dermatology departments. One site (Site F) had the highest MRSA prevalence of the seven AMR sentinel sites. Most SA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin (90%) by phenotypic methods. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MRSA indicates a major public health threat. There is an urgent need to strengthen the AMR surveillance and hospital infection control program in Myanmar.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Studies across Asia showed a wide range of methicillin resistance among SA isolates with higher rates in hospital settings (0.7% to 75%) and lower rates in community settings (0% to 48%) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. This is perhaps due to the differences in the study population and geographic locations where the studies were conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

Soe

Han

Sagili³

et al. 2021

TropicalMed

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“…Past reports of MRSA from Nepal reported prevalence of 15.4% to 26.0% 17 , 35 and newer studies from various hospitals of Nepal reported higher prevalence: 26% to 69%. 36 , 37 Most of the MRSA related studies conducted in Nepal, used only cefoxitin and/or oxacillin for screening MRSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community infections. mecA gene is considered one of the important virulence factors of S. aureus responsible for acquiring resistance against methicillin. The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and mec A gene. Methods: A total of 39 isolates of S. aureus were isolated from 954 clinical specimens processed in Microbiology laboratory of Himal Hospital, Kathmandu. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin, and performed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification of mecA gene in MRSA isolates. Results: Out of 954 clinical samples, (16.2%; 153/954) samples had bacterial growth. Among 153 culture positive isolates, 25.5% (39/153) were positive for S. aureus. Among 39 S. aureus (61.5%; 24/39) were multiple drug resistant (MDR). On AST, amoxicillin was detected as the least effective while vancomycin was the most effective. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 46% (18/39) of which 72.2% (13/18) were positive for mecA gene in PCR assay. Conclusion: One in 4 culture positive isolates from the clinical specimens were S. aureus, of which almost two-thirds were MDR. Around half of the MDR showed MRSA and significant proportion of them were positive for mecA gene. This study concludes that the mecA gene is solely dependent for methicillin resistance in S. aureus but the presence of gene is not obligatory. PCR detection of the mecA gene is reliable, valid and can be suggested for the routine use in diagnostic laboratories.

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“…The higher frequency of S. aureus isolation in pus samples compared to other samples has been reported in other studies in Nepal and other parts of the world. 9 - 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the commonest cause of nosocomial infections. Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain has become a matter of concern. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical samples. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 28122018010). Six hundred sixty-six sample size was calculated. Convenient sampling was done. Staphylococcus aureus was identified on the basis of its microscopy and morphological characteristics followed by catalase and coagulase test. Antibiotic sensitivity test of misolated pathogens was done using Muller Hinton Agar by Kirby-Bauer method. Statistical analysis was done by Excel 2018, point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of the 666 bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, 133 (19.96%) were Staphylococcus aureus at 95% confidence interval (129.91-136.01%). Seventy nine (78.95%) of which is isolated from pus and wound infections. Out of 133 Staphylococcus aureus, 70.64% were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information regarding the high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from pus and wound infections. The alarming number of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is worrisome finding. Antibiotics like Vancomycin and Linezolid which has not developed resistance should be cautiously used only in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus cases.

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Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

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