Prevalence of meticillin-resistant and -susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci with the first detection of the mecC gene among cows, humans and manure in Tunisia

Dhaouadi, Sana; Soufi, Leila; Campanile, Floriana; Dhaouadi, Fadoua; Sociale, Mario; Lazzaro, Lorenzo; Chérif, Ameur; Stefani, Stefania; Elandoulsi, Ramzi Boubaker

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.007

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There was a 92.6% agreement between phenotypic and genotypic confirmation of methicillin resistance in this study. Methicillin resistance in isolates that lack the mecA gene may be mediated by other mechanisms of methicillin resistance, such as possession of mecC [14], mecB genes [15], or the overproduction of β-lactamases [2]. The development of methicillin resistance has been observed in about 80% of CoNS species, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in hospitals due to their prominence in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Bloodstream in the uMgungundlovu District of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa: Emerging Pathogens

et al. 2021

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasingly associated with nosocomial infections, especially among the immunocompromised and those with invasive medical devices, posing a significant concern. We report on clinical multidrug-resistant CoNS from the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, as emerging pathogens. One hundred and thirty presumptive CoNS were obtained from blood cultures. Culture, biochemical tests, and the Staphaurex™ Latex Agglutination Test were used for the initial identification of CoNS isolates; confirmation and speciation were undertaken by the VITEK 2 system. Susceptibilities of isolates against a panel of 20 antibiotics were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of the isolates were determined. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the mecA gene to confirm methicillin resistance. Overall, 89/130 presumptive CoNS isolates were confirmed as CoNS by the VITEK 2 system. Of these, 68 (76.4%) isolates were putatively methicillin-resistant by the phenotypic cefoxitin screen test and 63 (92.6%) were mecA positive. Staphylococcus epidermidis (19.1%), S. hominis ssp hominis (15.7%), and S. haemolyticus (16.9%) were the most common CoNS species. Isolates showed high percentage resistance against penicillin (100.0%), erythromycin (74.2%), and azithromycin (74.2%) while displaying high susceptibilities to linezolid (95.5%), gentamicin (95.5%), and tigecycline (94.4%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 76.4% of isolates. MAR index calculation revealed 71.9% of isolates with MAR index >0.2 and 20.2% >0.5. Isolates with the highest MAR indices (0.7 and 0.8) were recovered from the neonatal intensive care unit. Fifty-one MDR antibiograms were observed. The high prevalence of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistance in several species of CoNS necessitates surveillance of this emerging pathogen, currently considered a contaminant of microbial cultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Bloodstream in the uMgungundlovu District of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa: Emerging Pathogens

et al. 2021

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“…Srednik et al (2017b) reported for the first time, one CNS (Staphylococcus saprophyticus) isolated from bovine mastitis in South America that was resistant to beta-lactams and positive for the mecC gene. Dhaouadi et al (2020) also reported the occurrence of the mecC gene in MR-CNS (three Staphylococcus sciuri isolates) from cows' milk and manure in Tunisia and Africa. Unnerstad et al (2013) investigated 730 S. aureus samples isolated from bovine mastitis and confirmed MRSA, having detected the mecALGA251 gene in 4 (0.5%) of these.…”

Section: Genotypic Evaluation…mentioning

confidence: 96%

Genotypic evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine clinical mastitis

Benites

Hora

Mello

et al. 2021

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Bovine clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp. is a serious and widespread disease in the world of dairy farming. Antimicrobial therapy is of fundamental importance in the prevention and treatment of infectious mastitis, but the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials acts as a determining factor for the spread of the disease. The present study evaluated the resistance profiles of 57 Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine clinical mastitis to beta-lactams and gentamicin, relating characteristics of phenotype (in vitro susceptibility tests) and genotype (detection and expression of genes encoding resistance - mecA, mecALGA251, blaZ, femA, femB, and aacA-aphD - using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively). One or more genes coding for resistance to different antimicrobials were detected in 50 Staphylococcus spp. isolates. The femA and femB genes were the most frequent (75.4% for both). The observed expression of the genes was as follows: blaZ (60%), femA (39.5%), aacA-aphD (50%), femB (32.6%), mecA (8.3%), and mecALGA251 (0%). Considering the relevance of the genus Staphylococcus to bovine mastitis, this study aimed to elucidate aspects regarding the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of these microorganisms so as to contribute to the development of effective strategies for mastitis control.

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“…CoNS are widely reported in dairy farms and have been reported in milk [20], mastitis [21], biofilms [22], milkers' hands and farm environment [23]. The dissemination of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in cows, humans, and manure has been proven, indicating the possible transmission of methicillin-resistance to humans in contact with cows and manure [24]. None of the 16 MRS isolates had enterotoxin genes and this can be justified by the fact that they are CoNS and these genes are not so common in these isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. on Brazilian Dairy Farms that Produce Unpasteurized Cheese

Ribeiro

Sato

Pollo

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) have been identified in several foods, including dairy products. Studies are needed about their occurrence and genetic diversity in the dairy production chain in order to gain a better understanding of their epidemiology and control. This study therefore focuses on isolating and characterizing MRS strains detected in milk used in the production of Brazilian artisanal unpasteurized cheeses. To this end, samples were collected from bovine feces, the hands of milkmen, milking buckets, sieves, unpasteurized milk, whey, water, artisanal unpasteurized cheeses, cheese processing surfaces, cheese handlers, cheese trays, cheese molds, and skimmers at five dairy farms located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Colonies suggestive of Staphylococcus spp. were subjected to multiplex PCR to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and to detect the mecA gene. Sixteen isolates containing mecA gene were detected in samples from unpasteurized cheese and from cheese handlers. None of these isolates were positive to enterotoxin genes. These 16 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, which revealed they were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, and cefepime. Using gene sequencing, the MRS isolates were identified as S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, isolates from cheese handlers’ hands and artisanal unpasteurized cheese presented high genetic similarity by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis, which indicates cross contamination during cheese production. Thus, we found that people directly involved in milking and cheese processing activities at small dairy farms are a potential source of contamination of MRS strains in unpasteurized milk and cheese, representing a risk to public health.

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Prevalence of meticillin-resistant and -susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci with the first detection of the mecC gene among cows, humans and manure in Tunisia

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Multidrug-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Bloodstream in the uMgungundlovu District of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa: Emerging Pathogens

Multidrug-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Bloodstream in the uMgungundlovu District of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa: Emerging Pathogens

Genotypic evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine clinical mastitis

Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. on Brazilian Dairy Farms that Produce Unpasteurized Cheese

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