Prevalence of Minimum Meal Frequency Practice and Its Associated Factors among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background. Inappropriate complementary feeding practices are amongst the key causes of child undernutrition. It rises the risk of undernutrition, illness, and mortality among children. Objectives. This study was aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MMF practice and associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia. Methods. The search was conducted by using the following electronic databases; PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals, and Google for grey literature. The publication bias was determined by using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. The heterogeneity between the studies was checked by using I2 statistic. The subgroup analysis was done by sample size, region, and year of publication. Result. A total of 20 studies with 12 656 study participants were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MMF practice among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia was estimated to be 63.80% (95%CI: 56.59, 71.01). PNC visit (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI [1.31, 2.49]), wealth index (AOR = 2.11, 95%CI [1.42, 2.81]) and age of child (AOR = 5.75, 95%CI [4.25, 7.26]) were factors significantly associated with MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months. Conclusion. The findings showed that the pooled prevalence of MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia was relatively low. PNC visit, wealth index and age of child were factors significantly associated with MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months. Therefore, community-based health education concerning the recommended MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months is required to take place.

Minimum meal frequency practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old in The Gambia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

“…Comparing this result to those from studies conducted in China (75.1%) 28 , Tanzania (82%) 29 , Rwanda (83%) 30 , Pakistan (84.7%) 31 , and a systematic review in Ethiopia (63.8%) 32 , the finding was lower. With the reliable evidence we have on hand, we can back this up.…”

“…Rich families and working mothers were 1.76 and 1.27 times more likely than poor families to provide children aged 6–23 months the recommended MMF (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.04, 2.99). The research done in Ethiopia and India supported this 32 , 34 . The concept is distinct and somewhat understandable.…”

“…Children between the ages of 12 and 17 and 18 to 23 months had 1.40- and 1.44-times higher odds of receiving the required MMF than those between 6 and 11 months. The study carried out in Bangladesh 44 , Ethiopia 32 , and Malawi 45 provided evidence in favor of this. This was also corroborated by a study done in Ghana, which found a favorable correlation between a child's age (18–23 months) and attaining the required MMF 46 .…”

Asosiasi Pemberian MP-ASI terhadap Status Gizi Anak di Daerah Lokus Stunting di Mamuju

“…Dalam hal frekuensi pemberian makan atau Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF) adalah frekuensi pemberian makan pada anak baik anak yang mendapat ASI maupun tidak, menerima makanan sesuai dengan usia sesuai dengan ketentuan minimal frekuensi pemberian berdasarkan konsistensi, umur (Manzione et al, 2019;Wake, 2021).…”

Spatial Variation and Determinants of Inadequate Minimum Meal Frequency among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019

“…Minimum meal frequency (MMF) is a percentage of breastfed and non-breastfed infants aged 6 to 23 months who eat nonliquid foods, including milk for non-breastfed infants, the minimum number of times in a day [ 1 ]. It shows how frequently children consume meals per day.…”